Judgment at Nuremberg

1 00:00:10,260 --> 00:00:10,385 2 00:00:12,000 --> 00:00:18,074 Do you want subtitles for any video? -=[ ai.OpenSubtitles.com ]=- 3 00:04:00,657 --> 00:04:03,285 (BAND PLAYING) 4 00:04:18,925 --> 00:04:22,095 (BAND CONTINUES PLAYING) 5 00:04:38,320 --> 00:04:41,031 (MEN SINGING IN GERMAN) 6 00:06:53,580 --> 00:06:55,290 (CAR HORN HONKING) 7 00:07:08,470 --> 00:07:10,263 I didn't know it was so bad. 8 00:07:10,972 --> 00:07:12,307 Couple of incendiaries, 9 00:07:12,390 --> 00:07:15,185 these old buildings go up like cellophane. 10 00:07:16,978 --> 00:07:20,649 There's a wall that separates the old section of Nuremberg from the new. 11 00:07:20,732 --> 00:07:22,233 Goes back to... 12 00:07:23,234 --> 00:07:25,028 How far does it go back, Schmidt? 13 00:07:25,111 --> 00:07:26,321 1219, sir. 14 00:07:26,404 --> 00:07:27,489 1219. 15 00:07:30,200 --> 00:07:33,370 This is where the Nazi Party held their rallies, isn't it? 16 00:07:33,953 --> 00:07:35,580 They all came here. 17 00:07:35,664 --> 00:07:38,333 Hitler. Goebbels. The whole crew. 18 00:07:38,375 --> 00:07:41,127 Thousands of them, from all over Germany. 19 00:07:42,962 --> 00:07:44,214 (HONKING) 20 00:07:49,010 --> 00:07:52,013 Does he have to blow that damn horn so much? 21 00:07:52,097 --> 00:07:55,642 It's not necessary to blow the horn so much, Schmidt. 22 00:08:07,362 --> 00:08:08,530 You both know your duties? 23 00:08:08,613 --> 00:08:09,656 (BOTH AGREEING) 24 00:08:09,698 --> 00:08:12,617 Well, here we are. A little bit of old Germany. 25 00:08:12,701 --> 00:08:14,619 -Senator Burkette. -Captain. 26 00:08:14,703 --> 00:08:16,830 Captain Byers, this is Judge Haywood. 27 00:08:16,871 --> 00:08:18,373 Byers here will be your aide. 28 00:08:18,456 --> 00:08:19,457 My what? 29 00:08:19,541 --> 00:08:20,834 Clerk. General guide. Liaison. 30 00:08:20,875 --> 00:08:22,335 Any capacity you wish to use me in. 31 00:08:22,377 --> 00:08:23,420 Oh. 32 00:08:23,503 --> 00:08:25,839 This will be your staff, sir. Mr. And Mrs. Halbestadt. 33 00:08:25,880 --> 00:08:27,048 Hello. 34 00:08:27,132 --> 00:08:28,174 Good afternoon. 35 00:08:28,216 --> 00:08:29,926 Good afternoon, Your Honor. 36 00:08:30,009 --> 00:08:31,010 Welcome. 37 00:08:31,052 --> 00:08:32,971 BYERS: You've already met your driver, Schmidt. 38 00:08:33,054 --> 00:08:35,890 I am at your service, sir, any time you need me. Day or night. 39 00:08:35,932 --> 00:08:37,225 Thanks. 40 00:08:37,308 --> 00:08:39,894 Let's show him around the rest of the place. Dan? 41 00:08:39,978 --> 00:08:42,063 We're in the, uh, reception room. 42 00:08:44,107 --> 00:08:46,609 Living room. Study is in there. 43 00:08:47,235 --> 00:08:50,321 There are two bedrooms on this floor, three upstairs. 44 00:08:52,365 --> 00:08:55,160 Furniture is part antique, part U.S. Army. 45 00:09:00,290 --> 00:09:02,208 The piano's showing signs of wear and tear, 46 00:09:02,250 --> 00:09:04,419 but it's a genuine Bechstein. 47 00:09:05,378 --> 00:09:07,130 Quite a view, isn't it, sir? 48 00:09:07,213 --> 00:09:08,298 Yes. 49 00:09:09,632 --> 00:09:13,720 Uh, Senator, I really, really don't need all this. 50 00:09:13,762 --> 00:09:15,930 When the United States government does something, 51 00:09:15,972 --> 00:09:17,557 it does it right. You know that, Dan. 52 00:09:17,599 --> 00:09:18,600 Who used to live here? 53 00:09:18,683 --> 00:09:21,186 An important Nazi general and his wife, sir. 54 00:09:21,269 --> 00:09:24,105 Well, let's see. Is there anything else Judge Haywood ought to know? 55 00:09:24,189 --> 00:09:26,107 Sir, are there any questions? 56 00:09:26,191 --> 00:09:27,484 Yes. Yes. 57 00:09:27,567 --> 00:09:29,486 You're West Point, aren't you, Captain? 58 00:09:29,569 --> 00:09:30,612 Yes, sir. 59 00:09:30,653 --> 00:09:31,654 What's your first name? 60 00:09:31,738 --> 00:09:33,323 Harrison. Harry. 61 00:09:33,907 --> 00:09:35,909 Well, Harry, look, I'm not West Point. 62 00:09:35,950 --> 00:09:38,953 And all this formality kind of gets me down a little, 63 00:09:39,037 --> 00:09:40,789 not to say puts me ill at ease. 64 00:09:40,830 --> 00:09:43,541 Uh... Uh, do you think it would be too much an infraction of the rules 65 00:09:43,625 --> 00:09:46,753 if you were to call me Judge, or Dan, or something? 66 00:09:46,795 --> 00:09:48,046 Okay, Judge. 67 00:09:48,129 --> 00:09:50,215 We do all our shopping at the army commissary. 68 00:09:50,298 --> 00:09:52,801 There isn't enough food at the local markets for the Germans. 69 00:09:52,842 --> 00:09:54,636 The driver knows where the commissary is. 70 00:09:54,677 --> 00:09:56,554 Here's a copy of the indictment of the case. 71 00:09:56,638 --> 00:09:58,723 -I thought you might want to look it over. -Oh, thanks. 72 00:09:58,807 --> 00:10:01,100 I hope you'll be comfortable here, sir. 73 00:10:01,142 --> 00:10:04,813 Captain, I think the whole state of Maine would be comfortable here. 74 00:10:04,854 --> 00:10:08,066 My office is next to yours at the Palace of Justice if you need anything. 75 00:10:08,149 --> 00:10:09,192 Thank you. 76 00:10:09,275 --> 00:10:10,485 Senator? 77 00:10:16,825 --> 00:10:19,452 Do you... Do you think I really need the three servants? 78 00:10:19,494 --> 00:10:21,663 It kind of makes me feel like a damn fool. 79 00:10:21,746 --> 00:10:24,165 Well, it helps them out, as well as you. 80 00:10:24,207 --> 00:10:26,292 You see, here they eat. 81 00:10:26,334 --> 00:10:27,669 Oh. 82 00:10:27,752 --> 00:10:29,796 Well, I need three servants. 83 00:10:30,880 --> 00:10:32,215 It's good to have you here, Dan. 84 00:10:32,298 --> 00:10:34,008 Good to have a man of your stature here. 85 00:10:34,092 --> 00:10:35,343 Sure. Sure. 86 00:10:35,426 --> 00:10:38,763 I was the only man in America qualified for this job. 87 00:10:39,347 --> 00:10:42,350 Senator, you know I wasn't the first choice, nor even the 10th. 88 00:10:42,392 --> 00:10:43,434 You know it, and I know it. 89 00:10:43,518 --> 00:10:44,519 What do you mean? 90 00:10:44,602 --> 00:10:46,354 Well, let's face it. 91 00:10:46,437 --> 00:10:48,064 Hitler is gone, Goebbels is gone. 92 00:10:48,147 --> 00:10:50,692 Goering is gone. Committed suicide before they could hang him. 93 00:10:50,775 --> 00:10:53,194 Now we're down to the business of judging the doctors, 94 00:10:53,236 --> 00:10:54,445 businessmen and judges. 95 00:10:54,529 --> 00:10:56,739 Some people think they shouldn't be judged at all. 96 00:10:56,823 --> 00:10:58,241 So? 97 00:10:58,324 --> 00:11:00,702 So it makes for a hell of a lack of candidates for the job. 98 00:11:00,785 --> 00:11:03,246 You had to beat the backwoods of Maine 99 00:11:03,329 --> 00:11:05,540 to come up with a hick like me. 100 00:11:05,623 --> 00:11:07,625 I hope you're not sorry you came. 101 00:11:07,709 --> 00:11:09,711 No. I'm not sorry I came. 102 00:11:09,794 --> 00:11:13,047 I just wanted you to know that I know where the body is buried. 103 00:11:13,131 --> 00:11:15,466 No, I think the trials should go on. 104 00:11:15,550 --> 00:11:17,594 Especially the trials of the German judges. 105 00:11:17,677 --> 00:11:19,053 I hope I'm up to it. 106 00:11:20,054 --> 00:11:21,806 You're up to it. 107 00:11:21,890 --> 00:11:23,391 Well, relax. 108 00:11:23,725 --> 00:11:24,726 Thanks. 109 00:11:24,809 --> 00:11:27,186 Enjoy this place while you can. 110 00:11:27,228 --> 00:11:29,105 You're going to be a pretty busy fellow. 111 00:11:29,188 --> 00:11:30,815 Well, thanks, Senator. Thanks for everything. 112 00:11:30,899 --> 00:11:32,233 See you tomorrow, Judge. 113 00:11:32,275 --> 00:11:33,443 Right. 114 00:11:34,235 --> 00:11:37,238 Shall we, uh, take these upstairs? 115 00:11:37,322 --> 00:11:39,324 Oh, yes, yes. Thank you. 116 00:11:42,577 --> 00:11:43,953 Here, I can take that... 117 00:11:44,037 --> 00:11:46,456 No, let me take it. Please. 118 00:12:01,262 --> 00:12:02,931 (CAR HORN HONKING) 119 00:12:06,017 --> 00:12:07,769 (INDISTINCT CONVERSATIONS) 120 00:12:15,944 --> 00:12:17,362 (INAUDIBLE) 121 00:12:22,700 --> 00:12:24,452 MAN: Here they come. 122 00:12:35,254 --> 00:12:36,881 (CONVERSATIONS STOP) 123 00:12:55,817 --> 00:12:57,986 The tribunal is now in session. 124 00:12:58,319 --> 00:13:01,823 God bless the United States and this honorable tribunal. 125 00:13:35,773 --> 00:13:38,234 The tribunal will now arraign the defendants. 126 00:13:38,317 --> 00:13:41,195 The microphone will be placed in front of the defendant, 127 00:13:41,237 --> 00:13:42,822 Emil Hahn. 128 00:13:48,494 --> 00:13:49,871 Emil Hahn? 129 00:13:49,954 --> 00:13:52,874 Are you represented by counsel before this tribunal? 130 00:13:52,957 --> 00:13:54,584 (SPEAKING GERMAN) 131 00:13:56,294 --> 00:13:57,545 (SPEAKING GERMAN) 132 00:13:58,129 --> 00:13:59,172 Not guilty. 133 00:13:59,505 --> 00:14:01,257 The question was, are you represented 134 00:14:01,340 --> 00:14:02,884 by counsel before this tribunal? 135 00:14:02,967 --> 00:14:04,677 (SPEAKING GERMAN) 136 00:14:06,929 --> 00:14:07,930 (SPEAKING GERMAN) 137 00:14:08,264 --> 00:14:09,766 I am represented. 138 00:14:09,849 --> 00:14:12,560 How do you plead to the charges and specifications 139 00:14:12,643 --> 00:14:15,521 in the indictment against you? Guilty or not guilty? 140 00:14:16,564 --> 00:14:18,066 (SPEAKING GERMAN) 141 00:14:18,149 --> 00:14:19,525 Not guilty on all counts. 142 00:14:21,277 --> 00:14:23,112 Friedrich Hoffstetter? 143 00:14:25,031 --> 00:14:27,617 Are you represented by counsel before this tribunal? 144 00:14:28,242 --> 00:14:29,494 (SPEAKING GERMAN) 145 00:14:29,577 --> 00:14:30,953 I am represented. 146 00:14:31,037 --> 00:14:33,081 How do you plead? Guilty or not guilty? 147 00:14:33,998 --> 00:14:35,625 (SPEAKING GERMAN) 148 00:14:36,793 --> 00:14:38,920 HAYWOOD: You may be seated. 149 00:14:43,549 --> 00:14:44,759 Werner Lammpe? 150 00:14:50,348 --> 00:14:53,017 Are you represented by counsel before this tribunal? 151 00:14:53,935 --> 00:14:55,144 Counsel? 152 00:14:56,229 --> 00:14:57,855 (SPEAKING GERMAN) 153 00:14:59,607 --> 00:15:01,484 Yes. Yes, of course. I am represented. 154 00:15:03,486 --> 00:15:05,988 How do you plead to the charges? Guilty or not guilty? 155 00:15:07,865 --> 00:15:09,117 (SPEAKING GERMAN) 156 00:15:09,951 --> 00:15:11,619 You may be seated. 157 00:15:14,455 --> 00:15:15,623 Ernst Janning? 158 00:15:17,458 --> 00:15:19,627 Ernst Janning, are you represented by counsel 159 00:15:19,669 --> 00:15:21,462 before this tribunal? 160 00:15:38,521 --> 00:15:43,151 Ernst Janning, are you represented by counsel before this tribunal? 161 00:15:51,826 --> 00:15:53,494 (SPEAKING GERMAN) 162 00:15:54,495 --> 00:15:55,913 I represent the defendant, Your Honor. 163 00:15:58,124 --> 00:16:01,836 How do you plead to the charges and specifications set forth 164 00:16:01,919 --> 00:16:03,421 in the indictment against you? 165 00:16:03,504 --> 00:16:04,672 Guilty or not guilty? 166 00:16:06,591 --> 00:16:08,176 (SPEAKING GERMAN) 167 00:16:09,594 --> 00:16:11,762 Your Honor, may I address the court? 168 00:16:16,726 --> 00:16:18,352 (SPEAKING GERMAN) 169 00:16:24,358 --> 00:16:27,195 The defendant does not recognize the authority of this tribunal 170 00:16:27,278 --> 00:16:29,572 and wishes to lodge a formal protest in lieu of pleading. 171 00:16:31,365 --> 00:16:33,075 A plea of "not guilty" will be entered. 172 00:16:48,049 --> 00:16:51,219 The prosecution will begin its opening address. 173 00:16:52,595 --> 00:16:54,430 Slow and easy, junior. 174 00:17:08,736 --> 00:17:10,488 The case is unusual 175 00:17:11,447 --> 00:17:14,200 in that the defendants are charged with crimes 176 00:17:14,242 --> 00:17:16,577 committed in the name of the law. 177 00:17:17,745 --> 00:17:21,749 These men, together with their deceased or fugitive colleagues, 178 00:17:23,000 --> 00:17:26,254 are the embodiment of what passed for justice 179 00:17:26,295 --> 00:17:28,214 during the Third Reich. 180 00:17:28,923 --> 00:17:33,094 The defendants served as judges during the period of the Third Reich. 181 00:17:34,303 --> 00:17:37,598 Therefore, you, Your Honors, as judges on the bench, 182 00:17:38,099 --> 00:17:40,142 will be sitting in judgment 183 00:17:41,143 --> 00:17:43,020 of judges in the dock. 184 00:17:44,855 --> 00:17:46,983 And this is as it should be. 185 00:17:47,441 --> 00:17:51,779 For only a judge knows how much more a court is than a courtroom. 186 00:17:53,447 --> 00:17:55,658 It is a process and a spirit. 187 00:17:57,326 --> 00:17:59,203 It is the house of law. 188 00:18:01,664 --> 00:18:03,124 The defendants knew this, too. 189 00:18:03,165 --> 00:18:05,293 They knew courtrooms well. 190 00:18:05,584 --> 00:18:07,295 They sat in their black robes, 191 00:18:07,378 --> 00:18:09,130 and they distorted, they perverted, 192 00:18:09,171 --> 00:18:11,757 they destroyed justice and law in Germany. 193 00:18:11,799 --> 00:18:15,303 Will the prosecution please watch the light? 194 00:18:15,970 --> 00:18:17,680 The interpreter cannot follow you. 195 00:18:17,763 --> 00:18:19,473 I'm sorry, Your Honor. 196 00:18:19,557 --> 00:18:22,476 They distorted, they perverted, 197 00:18:22,852 --> 00:18:26,480 they destroyed justice and law in Germany. 198 00:18:28,149 --> 00:18:31,444 Now, this in itself is undoubtedly a great crime. 199 00:18:31,485 --> 00:18:34,030 But the prosecution is not calling the defendants 200 00:18:34,113 --> 00:18:37,575 to account for violating constitutional guarantees 201 00:18:37,658 --> 00:18:40,036 or withholding due process of law. 202 00:18:40,953 --> 00:18:43,748 The prosecution is calling them to account 203 00:18:44,665 --> 00:18:45,958 for murder, 204 00:18:46,959 --> 00:18:48,044 brutalities, 205 00:18:49,587 --> 00:18:50,588 torture, 206 00:18:52,048 --> 00:18:53,090 atrocities. 207 00:18:54,508 --> 00:18:58,179 They share with all the leaders of the Third Reich 208 00:18:58,262 --> 00:19:01,932 responsibility for the most malignant, the most calculated, 209 00:19:02,016 --> 00:19:05,686 the most devastating crimes in the history of all mankind. 210 00:19:06,520 --> 00:19:08,022 And they are perhaps more guilty 211 00:19:08,105 --> 00:19:09,148 than some of the others. 212 00:19:09,648 --> 00:19:11,442 For they had attained maturity 213 00:19:11,525 --> 00:19:14,278 long before Hitler's rise to power. 214 00:19:14,904 --> 00:19:19,075 Their minds weren't warped at an early age by Nazi teachings. 215 00:19:19,742 --> 00:19:22,787 They embraced the ideologies of the Third Reich 216 00:19:22,870 --> 00:19:25,039 as educated adults 217 00:19:25,373 --> 00:19:27,291 when they, most of all, 218 00:19:28,209 --> 00:19:30,294 should have valued justice. 219 00:19:36,133 --> 00:19:39,553 Well, here they'll receive the justice they denied others. 220 00:19:41,764 --> 00:19:46,060 They'll be judged according to the evidence presented in this courtroom. 221 00:19:46,894 --> 00:19:49,313 The prosecution asks nothing more. 222 00:19:53,567 --> 00:19:57,238 <i>Herr</i> Rolfe will make the opening statement for the defense. 223 00:20:09,458 --> 00:20:11,085 (SPEAKING GERMAN) 224 00:20:13,045 --> 00:20:15,089 May it please the tribunal... 225 00:20:15,756 --> 00:20:17,591 (CONTINUES SPEAKING GERMAN) 226 00:20:17,675 --> 00:20:19,844 It is not only a great honor 227 00:20:22,096 --> 00:20:23,639 but also a great challenge 228 00:20:24,473 --> 00:20:26,016 for an advocate 229 00:20:27,810 --> 00:20:30,146 to aid this tribunal in its task. 230 00:20:32,815 --> 00:20:34,650 The entire civilized world 231 00:20:35,693 --> 00:20:37,736 will follow closely what we do here. 232 00:20:39,905 --> 00:20:42,032 For this is not an ordinary trial 233 00:20:43,033 --> 00:20:45,953 by any means of the accepted, parochial sense. 234 00:20:48,956 --> 00:20:50,749 The avowed purpose of this tribunal... 235 00:20:50,791 --> 00:20:54,336 Is broader than the visiting of retribution on a few men. 236 00:20:55,463 --> 00:20:59,300 It is dedicated to the reconsecration 237 00:21:00,301 --> 00:21:01,719 of the temple of justice. 238 00:21:02,344 --> 00:21:05,306 It is dedicated to finding a code of justice 239 00:21:05,764 --> 00:21:08,184 the whole world will be responsible to. 240 00:21:11,812 --> 00:21:14,148 How will this code be established? 241 00:21:17,401 --> 00:21:19,278 It will be established 242 00:21:22,156 --> 00:21:23,532 in a clear, 243 00:21:24,700 --> 00:21:27,244 honest evaluation 244 00:21:27,328 --> 00:21:29,497 of the responsibility for the crimes 245 00:21:29,580 --> 00:21:32,458 in the indictment stated by the prosecution. 246 00:21:33,584 --> 00:21:37,713 In the words of the great American jurist, Oliver Wendell Holmes, 247 00:21:39,173 --> 00:21:42,259 "This responsibility will not be found only in documents 248 00:21:42,343 --> 00:21:44,595 "that no one contests or denies. 249 00:21:45,554 --> 00:21:47,181 "It will be found in considerations 250 00:21:47,264 --> 00:21:49,558 "of a political or social nature. 251 00:21:50,851 --> 00:21:53,938 "It will be found, most of all, 252 00:21:55,439 --> 00:21:57,399 "in the character of men." 253 00:22:00,194 --> 00:22:02,780 What is the character of Ernst Janning? 254 00:22:05,282 --> 00:22:07,826 Let us examine his life for a moment. 255 00:22:09,370 --> 00:22:11,163 He was born in 1885. 256 00:22:11,956 --> 00:22:14,875 Received the degree of Doctor of Law in 1907. 257 00:22:14,917 --> 00:22:17,586 Became a judge in East Prussia in 1940. 258 00:22:17,670 --> 00:22:21,173 Following World War I he became one of the leaders of the Weimar Republic 259 00:22:21,215 --> 00:22:24,385 and was one of the framers of its democratic constitution. 260 00:22:24,468 --> 00:22:27,263 In subsequent years he achieved international fame 261 00:22:27,346 --> 00:22:29,306 not only for his work as a great jurist, 262 00:22:29,390 --> 00:22:31,559 but also as the author of legal text books 263 00:22:31,600 --> 00:22:34,603 which are still used in universities all over the world. 264 00:22:34,687 --> 00:22:38,566 He became Minister of Justice in Germany in 1935. 265 00:22:39,733 --> 00:22:42,361 If Ernst Janning is to be found guilty, 266 00:22:43,028 --> 00:22:45,656 certain implications must arise. 267 00:22:46,282 --> 00:22:49,952 A judge does not make the laws. 268 00:22:51,412 --> 00:22:54,164 He carries out the laws of his country. 269 00:22:55,416 --> 00:22:56,917 The statement, 270 00:22:57,376 --> 00:23:00,045 "My country, right or wrong" 271 00:23:01,255 --> 00:23:04,008 was expressed by a great American patriot. 272 00:23:06,552 --> 00:23:09,388 It is no less true for a German patriot. 273 00:23:12,975 --> 00:23:16,937 Should Ernst Janning have carried out the laws of his country? 274 00:23:17,021 --> 00:23:20,941 Or should he have refused to carry them out and become a traitor? 275 00:23:21,609 --> 00:23:25,237 This is the crux of the issue at the bottom of this trial. 276 00:23:29,116 --> 00:23:32,578 The defense is as dedicated to finding responsibility 277 00:23:33,912 --> 00:23:35,748 as is the prosecution. 278 00:23:37,541 --> 00:23:41,337 For it is not only Ernst Janning who is on trial here, 279 00:23:45,466 --> 00:23:47,468 it is the German people. 280 00:23:51,555 --> 00:23:54,850 The tribunal will recess until further notification. 281 00:23:59,897 --> 00:24:01,565 (PEOPLE MURMURING) 282 00:24:27,841 --> 00:24:28,926 Yeah. 283 00:24:32,471 --> 00:24:33,722 If it's all right with you, 284 00:24:33,806 --> 00:24:35,683 Byers can file these briefs later. 285 00:24:35,724 --> 00:24:36,725 Hmm. 286 00:24:37,476 --> 00:24:41,021 That was quite a damning speech by Colonel Lawson, wasn't it? 287 00:24:42,356 --> 00:24:45,567 I wonder if those men in the dock can really be responsible 288 00:24:45,651 --> 00:24:47,778 for the things he listed in the indictment. 289 00:24:47,861 --> 00:24:50,489 Well, I've been here for two years, and after you're here that long, 290 00:24:50,531 --> 00:24:54,159 you find that responsibility is not a cut-and-dried thing. 291 00:24:54,827 --> 00:24:57,037 What are you fellows up to over the weekend? 292 00:24:57,079 --> 00:24:59,540 My wife and I are going to Liėge. 293 00:24:59,581 --> 00:25:01,750 There's nothing in Liėge. I've been there. 294 00:25:01,834 --> 00:25:03,752 My son was in the 101st. 295 00:25:03,877 --> 00:25:07,089 He's buried in the American cemetery outside Liėge. 296 00:25:07,172 --> 00:25:08,590 Oh, I'm sorry. 297 00:25:08,674 --> 00:25:11,885 Oh, that's all right. See you Monday, Dan. 298 00:25:11,969 --> 00:25:12,970 Hmm. 299 00:25:14,555 --> 00:25:16,056 Coming my way? 300 00:25:16,140 --> 00:25:17,850 No, I'm going to stay here for a moment. 301 00:25:17,891 --> 00:25:20,227 I'm waiting for some records from Byers. 302 00:25:20,269 --> 00:25:21,437 Right. 303 00:25:43,500 --> 00:25:45,252 Here are the reports you asked for, sir. 304 00:25:45,335 --> 00:25:46,795 Oh, thank you. 305 00:25:49,089 --> 00:25:51,258 Captain, do you think you can get me a copy 306 00:25:51,341 --> 00:25:53,677 of the books Ernst Janning wrote? 307 00:25:54,094 --> 00:25:55,387 There are quite a few of them. 308 00:25:55,429 --> 00:25:57,264 I'd like all of them. 309 00:25:57,306 --> 00:25:59,641 And also a copy of the Weimar Constitution. 310 00:25:59,725 --> 00:26:01,101 Do you think you can get that for me? 311 00:26:01,185 --> 00:26:03,270 -Yes, of course. -Thank you. 312 00:26:07,524 --> 00:26:09,610 How long have you been here, Captain? 313 00:26:09,693 --> 00:26:10,736 Two years. 314 00:26:10,778 --> 00:26:12,279 Two years? That's a long time. 315 00:26:12,362 --> 00:26:13,614 Yes, sir. 316 00:26:13,697 --> 00:26:14,990 Any friends? 317 00:26:15,073 --> 00:26:16,158 Sure. 318 00:26:17,951 --> 00:26:19,661 German friends? 319 00:26:19,745 --> 00:26:20,788 Yes. 320 00:26:21,622 --> 00:26:23,040 A girl? 321 00:26:23,123 --> 00:26:24,166 Yes. 322 00:26:25,167 --> 00:26:28,003 Her parents were Nazis, but she was eight years old when they came in. 323 00:26:28,086 --> 00:26:29,129 I didn't ask you that. 324 00:26:29,171 --> 00:26:30,839 I know. But maybe you were thinking it. 325 00:26:30,923 --> 00:26:33,008 It's natural to think about it. 326 00:26:33,091 --> 00:26:35,427 I thought if anybody was going to indoctrinate her, 327 00:26:35,469 --> 00:26:36,887 -it might as well be me. (BOTH LAUGHING) 328 00:26:36,970 --> 00:26:38,096 Will there be anything else? 329 00:26:38,138 --> 00:26:40,974 No, no, I think I'll just take a walk around town on my own. 330 00:26:41,016 --> 00:26:43,727 Try the old section. Everyone stops for a beer and a sausage there. 331 00:26:43,811 --> 00:26:45,145 Thank you. 332 00:26:58,200 --> 00:26:59,952 (TRAM BELL DINGING) 333 00:27:13,173 --> 00:27:14,842 (PEOPLE CLAMORING) 334 00:27:16,134 --> 00:27:17,761 (SPEAKING GERMAN) 335 00:27:27,187 --> 00:27:28,689 (BELLS CHIMING) 336 00:28:06,184 --> 00:28:07,811 (SPEAKING GERMAN) 337 00:28:14,985 --> 00:28:16,320 Do you understand English? 338 00:28:16,403 --> 00:28:17,487 Yes, a little. 339 00:28:17,571 --> 00:28:18,572 What did she say? 340 00:28:18,655 --> 00:28:20,824 She said, "Goodbye, grandpa." 341 00:28:46,308 --> 00:28:48,769 (MEN SINGING IN GERMAN) 342 00:29:10,707 --> 00:29:12,668 (HITLER SPEAKING GERMAN) 343 00:29:19,800 --> 00:29:21,426 (PEOPLE CHEERING) 344 00:29:35,023 --> 00:29:36,608 Are they treating you all right? 345 00:29:36,650 --> 00:29:39,319 JANNING: Yes. They're treating me all right. 346 00:29:39,361 --> 00:29:41,363 We still have some friends 347 00:29:41,947 --> 00:29:44,825 who have contact with the American authorities. 348 00:29:44,866 --> 00:29:46,952 I can tell them if they're not treating you all right. 349 00:29:46,994 --> 00:29:49,204 They're treating me all right. 350 00:29:52,499 --> 00:29:53,917 Dr. Janning, 351 00:29:56,670 --> 00:29:58,839 we are both in an embarrassing position. 352 00:29:58,922 --> 00:30:01,299 I know you didn't want me as your counsel. 353 00:30:01,341 --> 00:30:03,552 I know you didn't want anyone. 354 00:30:04,845 --> 00:30:07,055 But I must tell you something. 355 00:30:07,139 --> 00:30:09,266 Will you listen to me? 356 00:30:09,349 --> 00:30:10,392 Yes. 357 00:30:13,311 --> 00:30:15,605 I intend to represent your case 358 00:30:16,523 --> 00:30:18,358 with complete dignity. 359 00:30:18,692 --> 00:30:20,152 There will be 360 00:30:21,069 --> 00:30:22,487 no appeal to sentiment, 361 00:30:22,529 --> 00:30:25,824 there will be no falling at the mercy of the court. 362 00:30:26,366 --> 00:30:27,534 The game 363 00:30:29,077 --> 00:30:32,205 will be played according to their own rules. 364 00:30:33,874 --> 00:30:37,044 We'll see whether they have the courage 365 00:30:37,127 --> 00:30:38,920 to sit in judgment on a man like you. 366 00:30:40,589 --> 00:30:42,215 The way I see it, 367 00:30:44,009 --> 00:30:47,929 the most important elements in the case 368 00:30:48,889 --> 00:30:50,849 are the sterilization decrees, 369 00:30:50,891 --> 00:30:53,351 and the Feldenstein-Hoffman affair. 370 00:30:58,398 --> 00:31:01,818 Dr. Janning, I must tell you something. 371 00:31:07,032 --> 00:31:08,492 I admired you 372 00:31:09,826 --> 00:31:12,370 since I was a boy in the university. 373 00:31:13,830 --> 00:31:17,084 It was because I thought I might be able to achieve 374 00:31:17,292 --> 00:31:19,586 some of the things you have done 375 00:31:23,924 --> 00:31:26,009 that saw me through the war. 376 00:31:27,552 --> 00:31:31,389 You have been somebody to look up to, for all of us. 377 00:31:34,518 --> 00:31:36,603 Is that all, <i>Herr</i> Rolfe? 378 00:31:41,274 --> 00:31:42,442 Yes. 379 00:31:42,484 --> 00:31:43,819 Thank you. 380 00:31:50,992 --> 00:31:52,410 (DOOR CLOSING) 381 00:31:53,787 --> 00:31:57,290 Dr. Wieck, do you know the defendant, Ernst Janning? 382 00:32:00,877 --> 00:32:02,587 Yes, I know him. 383 00:32:02,629 --> 00:32:05,632 LAWSON: Will you tell us in what capacity? 384 00:32:05,674 --> 00:32:08,260 We served in the Ministry of Justice together, 385 00:32:08,301 --> 00:32:11,138 from 1929 till 1935. 386 00:32:11,221 --> 00:32:13,265 Did you know him before that? 387 00:32:13,306 --> 00:32:14,391 Yes. 388 00:32:15,433 --> 00:32:17,060 He was a law student of mine. 389 00:32:17,144 --> 00:32:18,854 -Did you know him well? -Yes. 390 00:32:18,937 --> 00:32:20,772 -Was he a protégé of yours? -Yes. 391 00:32:20,814 --> 00:32:21,898 Why? 392 00:32:23,275 --> 00:32:26,069 He was always a man of great intelligence. 393 00:32:27,320 --> 00:32:31,491 He was a man born with the qualities of a great legal mind. 394 00:32:32,409 --> 00:32:35,495 Dr. Weick, would you, uh, 395 00:32:36,496 --> 00:32:39,332 would you tell us from your own experience, 396 00:32:39,958 --> 00:32:42,335 the position of the judge in Germany 397 00:32:42,419 --> 00:32:45,172 prior to the advent of Adolf Hitler. 398 00:32:46,464 --> 00:32:49,926 The position of the judge was one of complete independence. 399 00:32:50,010 --> 00:32:51,011 Mmm-hmm. 400 00:32:51,511 --> 00:32:54,806 Now, would you describe the contrast, if any, 401 00:32:55,682 --> 00:32:59,519 after the coming to power of National Socialism in 1933? 402 00:33:00,228 --> 00:33:04,774 Judges became subject to something outside of objective justice. 403 00:33:06,109 --> 00:33:09,529 They became subject to what was necessary 404 00:33:09,571 --> 00:33:11,198 for the protection of the country. 405 00:33:12,032 --> 00:33:13,408 Would you explain this, please? 406 00:33:13,950 --> 00:33:15,785 The first consideration of the judge 407 00:33:15,869 --> 00:33:18,872 became the punishment of acts against the state, 408 00:33:19,456 --> 00:33:22,209 rather than objective consideration of the case. 409 00:33:23,043 --> 00:33:24,878 And what other changes were there? 410 00:33:26,087 --> 00:33:29,132 The right to appeal was eliminated. 411 00:33:30,050 --> 00:33:33,053 The supreme court of the Reich was replaced by 412 00:33:34,054 --> 00:33:36,139 people's and special courts. 413 00:33:37,432 --> 00:33:42,312 The concept of race was made a legal concept for the first time. 414 00:33:42,979 --> 00:33:45,273 And what was the result of this? 415 00:33:45,982 --> 00:33:47,317 The result? 416 00:33:49,194 --> 00:33:52,739 The result was to hand over the administration of justice 417 00:33:52,989 --> 00:33:55,408 into the hands of the dictatorship. 418 00:33:55,867 --> 00:33:56,910 LAWSON: Now, Dr. Wieck... 419 00:33:56,993 --> 00:34:00,163 Colonel Lawson, I would like to ask a few questions. 420 00:34:01,289 --> 00:34:05,752 Did the judiciary protest these laws abridging their independence? 421 00:34:05,835 --> 00:34:07,462 A few of them did. 422 00:34:07,837 --> 00:34:10,966 Those who did resigned, or were forced to resign. 423 00:34:12,217 --> 00:34:13,760 Others... 424 00:34:15,178 --> 00:34:17,931 Adapted themselves to the new situation. 425 00:34:19,933 --> 00:34:24,479 Do you think the judiciary was aware of the consequences to come? 426 00:34:25,021 --> 00:34:26,856 At first, perhaps not. 427 00:34:27,399 --> 00:34:32,320 Later it became clear to anyone who had eyes and ears. 428 00:34:33,113 --> 00:34:34,406 Thank you. 429 00:34:35,949 --> 00:34:38,201 Now, would you please describe for us 430 00:34:38,285 --> 00:34:40,495 the changes in criminal law? 431 00:34:41,454 --> 00:34:43,081 It was characterized by 432 00:34:43,123 --> 00:34:46,376 an ever-increasing inflation of the death penalty. 433 00:34:47,711 --> 00:34:50,463 Sentences were passed against defendants 434 00:34:50,505 --> 00:34:53,174 just because they were Poles, or Jews, 435 00:34:53,258 --> 00:34:55,302 or politically undesirable. 436 00:34:56,970 --> 00:35:00,515 Novel National Socialist measures were introduced. 437 00:35:00,849 --> 00:35:01,933 Among them, 438 00:35:01,975 --> 00:35:06,604 sexual sterilization for those who were categorized as asocial. 439 00:35:07,022 --> 00:35:09,524 Did it become necessary for judges 440 00:35:09,607 --> 00:35:13,778 to wear any distinctive mark on their robes in 1935? 441 00:35:14,529 --> 00:35:16,823 The so-called Fuehrer's decree 442 00:35:16,865 --> 00:35:19,367 required judges to wear the insignia 443 00:35:19,451 --> 00:35:20,952 of the swastika on their robes. 444 00:35:21,369 --> 00:35:22,829 Did you wear such an insignia? 445 00:35:22,912 --> 00:35:23,955 No. 446 00:35:24,998 --> 00:35:26,833 I would have been ashamed to wear it. 447 00:35:27,167 --> 00:35:29,419 Did you resign in 1935? 448 00:35:29,711 --> 00:35:31,004 Yes, sir. 449 00:35:31,546 --> 00:35:34,966 Did Ernst Janning wear a swastika on his robe? 450 00:35:39,012 --> 00:35:40,221 WIECK: Yes. 451 00:35:41,181 --> 00:35:43,391 LAWSON: That's all. Thank you. 452 00:35:47,604 --> 00:35:48,980 <i>Herr</i> Rolfe. 453 00:35:57,864 --> 00:35:59,532 (SPEAKING GERMAN) 454 00:36:00,742 --> 00:36:03,620 You used the phrase, "What was necessary 455 00:36:03,703 --> 00:36:06,206 "for the protection of the country." 456 00:36:07,582 --> 00:36:10,377 Will you explain for the tribunal the conditions in Germany 457 00:36:10,418 --> 00:36:12,587 at the time National Socialism came to power? 458 00:36:13,630 --> 00:36:15,215 What conditions? 459 00:36:18,676 --> 00:36:20,845 Would you say there was widespread hunger? 460 00:36:20,887 --> 00:36:22,055 Yes. 461 00:36:22,138 --> 00:36:24,891 Would you say there was internal disunity? 462 00:36:24,933 --> 00:36:26,017 Yes. 463 00:36:26,184 --> 00:36:28,019 Was there a Communist Party? 464 00:36:28,061 --> 00:36:29,145 Yes. 465 00:36:29,229 --> 00:36:31,564 Was it the third largest party in Germany? 466 00:36:31,648 --> 00:36:32,899 Hmm, yes. 467 00:36:33,733 --> 00:36:35,151 Would you say 468 00:36:36,361 --> 00:36:40,323 that National Socialism helped to cure some of these conditions? 469 00:36:41,741 --> 00:36:44,035 Yes, but at a terrible price and I... 470 00:36:44,077 --> 00:36:47,831 Please confine yourself to answering the questions only. 471 00:36:49,082 --> 00:36:51,209 Therefore, was it not possible 472 00:36:51,251 --> 00:36:53,253 that a judge might wear a swastika 473 00:36:53,294 --> 00:36:55,672 and yet work for what he thought was best for his country? 474 00:36:56,214 --> 00:36:58,675 No. It was not possible. 475 00:37:02,262 --> 00:37:03,596 Dr. Wieck, 476 00:37:06,224 --> 00:37:08,268 you were not in the administration 477 00:37:08,309 --> 00:37:12,856 from the years 1935 to 1943 478 00:37:13,398 --> 00:37:15,233 by your own admission. 479 00:37:16,109 --> 00:37:20,488 Is it not possible that your view of the administration 480 00:37:20,864 --> 00:37:22,949 might be distorted? 481 00:37:23,658 --> 00:37:25,118 No. It is not. 482 00:37:26,744 --> 00:37:31,374 How... How can you testify about what was going on in the administration 483 00:37:31,458 --> 00:37:32,459 if you were not there? 484 00:37:32,917 --> 00:37:35,628 I had many friends in the legal administration. 485 00:37:35,670 --> 00:37:37,338 There were journals and books. 486 00:37:39,632 --> 00:37:42,260 From journals and books? 487 00:37:46,139 --> 00:37:47,307 I see. 488 00:37:49,642 --> 00:37:51,811 Dr. Wieck, you referred to, 489 00:37:51,895 --> 00:37:54,647 "Novel National Socialist measures introduced, 490 00:37:54,689 --> 00:37:57,108 "among them sexual sterilization." 491 00:37:58,234 --> 00:37:59,944 Are you aware that sexual sterilization 492 00:37:59,986 --> 00:38:02,322 was not invented by National Socialism, 493 00:38:02,363 --> 00:38:05,158 but had been advanced for years before as a weapon 494 00:38:05,241 --> 00:38:07,827 in dealing with the mentally incompetent and the criminal? 495 00:38:08,703 --> 00:38:10,455 WIECK: Yes. I am aware of that. 496 00:38:10,497 --> 00:38:12,499 Are you aware that it has advocates 497 00:38:12,540 --> 00:38:14,417 among leading citizens in many other countries? 498 00:38:14,918 --> 00:38:17,420 I am not an expert on such laws. 499 00:38:18,630 --> 00:38:21,007 Then permit me to read one to you. 500 00:38:23,426 --> 00:38:26,221 This is a high court opinion 501 00:38:27,138 --> 00:38:31,559 upholding such laws in existence in another country. 502 00:38:33,394 --> 00:38:34,812 And I quote, 503 00:38:39,776 --> 00:38:42,570 "We have seen more than once that the public welfare 504 00:38:42,654 --> 00:38:45,532 "may call upon the best citizens for their lives. 505 00:38:45,698 --> 00:38:48,952 "It would be strange indeed, if it could not call upon those 506 00:38:49,035 --> 00:38:53,206 "who already sapped the strength of the state for these lesser sacrifices 507 00:38:53,248 --> 00:38:56,543 "in order to prevent our being swamped by incompetence. 508 00:38:56,626 --> 00:38:58,044 "It is better for all the world 509 00:38:58,127 --> 00:39:01,339 "if, instead of waiting to execute degenerate offsprings for crime 510 00:39:01,381 --> 00:39:03,341 "or to let them starve for their imbecility, 511 00:39:03,383 --> 00:39:06,261 "society can prevent their propagation 512 00:39:06,344 --> 00:39:09,389 "by medical means in the first place. 513 00:39:12,267 --> 00:39:15,144 "Three generations of imbeciles are enough." 514 00:39:18,815 --> 00:39:20,984 Do you recognize it now, Dr. Wieck? 515 00:39:21,568 --> 00:39:23,111 No, sir, I don't. 516 00:39:24,195 --> 00:39:27,323 Actually, there is no particular reason you should, 517 00:39:27,991 --> 00:39:30,410 since the opinion upholds the sterilization law 518 00:39:30,451 --> 00:39:33,621 in the state of Virginia, of the United States, 519 00:39:34,330 --> 00:39:37,250 and was written and delivered by that great American jurist, 520 00:39:37,292 --> 00:39:42,255 Supreme Court Justice, Oliver Wendell Holmes. 521 00:39:52,307 --> 00:39:55,059 Now, Dr. Wieck. 522 00:39:56,144 --> 00:39:58,605 In view of what you have just learned, 523 00:39:58,646 --> 00:40:01,274 can you still say that sexual sterilization 524 00:40:01,316 --> 00:40:03,735 was a novel National Socialist measure? 525 00:40:03,776 --> 00:40:05,445 Yes, I can say it. 526 00:40:06,154 --> 00:40:08,448 Because it was never before used 527 00:40:08,489 --> 00:40:10,700 as a weapon against political opponents. 528 00:40:12,827 --> 00:40:14,621 Do you personally know of a case 529 00:40:14,704 --> 00:40:17,957 where someone was sterilized for political reasons? 530 00:40:18,499 --> 00:40:20,335 WIECK: I know that such things were done. 531 00:40:20,418 --> 00:40:21,711 That's not the question. 532 00:40:21,794 --> 00:40:23,838 Please answer the question. 533 00:40:24,464 --> 00:40:25,632 Do you know of a case? 534 00:40:26,049 --> 00:40:29,802 I don't know of any specific case, or specific date... 535 00:40:29,844 --> 00:40:31,888 I am asking you if you have any firsthand, 536 00:40:31,971 --> 00:40:33,681 personal knowledge of such a case! 537 00:40:34,891 --> 00:40:38,102 No, I have no such personal knowledge. 538 00:40:38,144 --> 00:40:39,646 Thank you. 539 00:40:49,322 --> 00:40:50,657 Dr. Wieck, 540 00:40:55,453 --> 00:40:56,913 you are aware 541 00:40:57,622 --> 00:41:00,583 of the charges in the indictment against Ernst Janning? 542 00:41:06,339 --> 00:41:07,632 Yes, I am. 543 00:41:09,342 --> 00:41:13,596 Can you honestly say he is responsible for them? 544 00:41:15,056 --> 00:41:16,391 Yes, I can. 545 00:41:18,434 --> 00:41:22,271 Do you consider yourself free of responsibility? 546 00:41:25,108 --> 00:41:26,442 Yes, I do. 547 00:41:28,111 --> 00:41:29,445 Dr. Wieck, 548 00:41:31,406 --> 00:41:34,742 did you ever swear to the Civil Servant Loyalty Oath of 1934? 549 00:41:34,826 --> 00:41:36,953 Your Honor, I object. 550 00:41:37,036 --> 00:41:39,247 The witness doesn't have to answer that question. 551 00:41:39,330 --> 00:41:41,040 He's not on trial. 552 00:41:42,041 --> 00:41:44,127 All Germany is on trial, Your Honor. 553 00:41:44,210 --> 00:41:47,547 This tribunal placed it on trial when it placed Ernst Janning on trial. 554 00:41:47,588 --> 00:41:49,549 If responsibility is to be found, 555 00:41:49,632 --> 00:41:52,218 the widest latitude is to be permitted. 556 00:41:53,052 --> 00:41:54,762 Objection overruled. 557 00:41:56,055 --> 00:41:59,726 Did you ever swear to the Civil Servant Loyalty Oath of 1934? 558 00:42:02,437 --> 00:42:03,646 Everyone did. 559 00:42:03,730 --> 00:42:06,524 ROLFE: We are not interested in what everyone did. 560 00:42:06,566 --> 00:42:08,943 We are interested in what you did. 561 00:42:09,026 --> 00:42:13,406 Would you read the oath from the <i>Reich Law Gazette,</i> March, 1933? 562 00:42:14,365 --> 00:42:16,200 "I swear that I shall be obedient 563 00:42:16,242 --> 00:42:19,036 "to the leader of the German Reich and people, Adolf Hitler. 564 00:42:19,078 --> 00:42:22,415 "That I shall be loyal to him, that I will observe the laws, 565 00:42:22,457 --> 00:42:24,834 "and that I will conscientiously fulfill my duties, 566 00:42:24,917 --> 00:42:26,461 "so help me God." 567 00:42:27,420 --> 00:42:29,255 Everyone swore to it. 568 00:42:30,590 --> 00:42:32,216 It was mandatory. 569 00:42:34,469 --> 00:42:35,553 Yes. 570 00:42:37,013 --> 00:42:39,932 But you're such a perceptive man, Dr. Wieck. 571 00:42:41,017 --> 00:42:43,102 You could see what was coming. 572 00:42:43,186 --> 00:42:45,605 You could see that National Socialism 573 00:42:45,646 --> 00:42:47,940 was leading Germany to disaster. 574 00:42:48,024 --> 00:42:50,902 "It was clear to anyone who had eyes and ears." 575 00:42:52,904 --> 00:42:54,572 Didn't you realize 576 00:42:55,364 --> 00:42:59,452 what it would have meant if you, and men like you, 577 00:43:00,119 --> 00:43:02,789 would have refused to swear to the oath? 578 00:43:03,289 --> 00:43:05,041 It would have meant 579 00:43:05,124 --> 00:43:08,419 that Hitler could never have come to absolute power. 580 00:43:11,130 --> 00:43:12,632 Why didn't you? 581 00:43:13,132 --> 00:43:15,301 Dr. Wieck, why didn't you? 582 00:43:16,594 --> 00:43:18,805 Can you give us an explanation? 583 00:43:19,972 --> 00:43:22,266 Has it something to do with your pension? 584 00:43:22,308 --> 00:43:24,644 Did your pension mean more to you than your country? 585 00:43:24,727 --> 00:43:26,521 Your Honor, Your Honor! 586 00:43:26,604 --> 00:43:28,564 I object to the entire line of questioning, 587 00:43:28,648 --> 00:43:30,983 and ask that it be stricken from the record. 588 00:43:31,067 --> 00:43:32,568 I thought prosecuting counsel 589 00:43:32,652 --> 00:43:34,487 was dedicated to finding responsibility. 590 00:43:34,529 --> 00:43:36,489 Your Honor, I made an objection. 591 00:43:36,531 --> 00:43:39,325 Prosecution is not interested in finding responsibility? 592 00:43:39,367 --> 00:43:41,577 There is responsibility for more here 593 00:43:41,661 --> 00:43:44,163 than swearing to a loyalty oath and you know it. 594 00:43:44,247 --> 00:43:45,832 -There is indeed. -Order. 595 00:43:45,915 --> 00:43:47,959 LAWSON: One thing that even the German machine, 596 00:43:48,000 --> 00:43:49,627 with its monumental efficiency 597 00:43:49,669 --> 00:43:51,295 has been unable to destroy... 598 00:43:51,337 --> 00:43:52,505 Order. Order! 599 00:43:52,547 --> 00:43:53,631 All the victims. 600 00:43:53,673 --> 00:43:55,591 More victims than the world has ever known. 601 00:43:55,675 --> 00:43:57,260 They will walk into this courtroom... 602 00:43:57,343 --> 00:43:58,678 Order! Order! 603 00:44:00,179 --> 00:44:02,515 This tribunal will admonish both counsel. 604 00:44:02,557 --> 00:44:04,517 It will tolerate nothing of this kind again. 605 00:44:04,559 --> 00:44:07,937 We're not here to listen to outbursts of this kind, but to serve justice. 606 00:44:08,354 --> 00:44:09,897 Your Honor, I made an objection. 607 00:44:09,981 --> 00:44:11,858 The objection is overruled. 608 00:44:13,526 --> 00:44:15,403 The witness is excused. 609 00:44:48,561 --> 00:44:50,563 Did you ever read any books by Janning? 610 00:44:50,646 --> 00:44:51,898 No, I don't think so. 611 00:44:51,939 --> 00:44:53,441 <i>The Meaning of the Law.</i> 612 00:44:53,524 --> 00:44:54,901 How is it? Interesting? 613 00:44:54,942 --> 00:44:57,904 All the books by Janning are interesting. They're more than that. 614 00:44:57,945 --> 00:45:01,449 They're a picture of an era, its hopes, its aspirations. 615 00:45:02,033 --> 00:45:04,243 They weren't very different from ours, really. 616 00:45:04,285 --> 00:45:08,080 Listen to this, on the signing of the Weimar Constitution, 617 00:45:08,122 --> 00:45:12,001 "Now we can look forward to a Germany without guns and bloodshed, 618 00:45:12,084 --> 00:45:15,588 "a Germany of justice, where men can live instead of die, 619 00:45:16,088 --> 00:45:19,133 "a Germany of purpose, of freedom, of humanity, 620 00:45:19,216 --> 00:45:21,761 "a Germany that calls for the best in man." 621 00:45:21,802 --> 00:45:24,096 Now, how could a man who wrote words like these 622 00:45:24,180 --> 00:45:26,098 be part of sterilizations and murders? 623 00:45:26,140 --> 00:45:27,600 How could he be? 624 00:45:27,642 --> 00:45:29,894 Dan, there are a lot of things that happened here 625 00:45:29,936 --> 00:45:31,771 that nobody understands. 626 00:45:31,812 --> 00:45:33,022 I know. 627 00:45:34,106 --> 00:45:38,110 But the prosecution is going to have to prove every inch of its allegation 628 00:45:38,152 --> 00:45:41,989 against a man like Janning if I'm to pronounce sentence on him. 629 00:45:42,073 --> 00:45:45,159 Well, gentlemen, I'm on my way. Coming, Ken? 630 00:45:45,242 --> 00:45:46,410 Right. 631 00:45:46,953 --> 00:45:48,746 Well, there's just this business 632 00:45:48,788 --> 00:45:50,998 on the curtailment of rights. 633 00:45:51,082 --> 00:45:52,291 Tomorrow. 634 00:45:52,333 --> 00:45:54,877 Dan, my wife is planning a little get-together 635 00:45:54,961 --> 00:45:58,381 tomorrow night at the grand hotel. She wants you to come. 636 00:45:58,464 --> 00:45:59,799 I thank you. 637 00:45:59,882 --> 00:46:01,133 And she'd like to provide you 638 00:46:01,175 --> 00:46:02,843 with some kind of female companionship. 639 00:46:02,927 --> 00:46:03,928 (LAUGHS) 640 00:46:04,220 --> 00:46:06,430 She has a feeling that you might be lonely here. 641 00:46:06,472 --> 00:46:08,808 Oh, no. No, thanks, Curtiss. Thanks very much. 642 00:46:08,891 --> 00:46:11,268 You know how these wives are. They love to play cupid. 643 00:46:11,310 --> 00:46:13,437 Yeah, well, I think I'll keep it stag. 644 00:46:13,479 --> 00:46:15,022 All right. How about you, Ken? 645 00:46:15,106 --> 00:46:17,400 Thanks. My wife and I have an engagement. Good night. 646 00:46:17,483 --> 00:46:18,484 Good night. Good night. 647 00:46:18,567 --> 00:46:20,361 -Good night, Dan. -Good night. 648 00:46:27,910 --> 00:46:29,412 (DOOR CLOSING) 649 00:46:40,256 --> 00:46:42,341 Mrs. Halbestadt, could I... 650 00:46:44,593 --> 00:46:45,720 Hello. 651 00:46:47,179 --> 00:46:48,347 Hello. 652 00:46:49,682 --> 00:46:52,184 Your Honor, this is Madame Bertholt. 653 00:46:52,601 --> 00:46:54,645 This is his Honor, Judge Haywood. 654 00:46:56,105 --> 00:46:59,108 MRS. HALBESTADT: Madame Bertholt, this is her house. 655 00:46:59,400 --> 00:47:01,986 Uh, she came to get some of her belongings from the basement. 656 00:47:02,028 --> 00:47:04,155 I didn't know she was coming here tonight. 657 00:47:04,196 --> 00:47:06,699 This is my responsibility, Mrs. Halbestadt. 658 00:47:06,782 --> 00:47:08,784 I've been storing some of my things here 659 00:47:08,868 --> 00:47:10,953 until I could get a room large enough to keep them in. 660 00:47:11,871 --> 00:47:13,247 I hope you don't mind. 661 00:47:13,330 --> 00:47:14,457 No. No. Not at all. 662 00:47:15,082 --> 00:47:17,001 You can examine what I have here, if you like. 663 00:47:18,085 --> 00:47:19,211 Of course not. 664 00:47:19,712 --> 00:47:21,005 Then I'll just take these out. 665 00:47:21,505 --> 00:47:23,549 -Thanks, Mrs. Halbestadt. -Here. Let me help you. 666 00:47:23,632 --> 00:47:25,092 No, no, no. I can manage all right. 667 00:47:25,176 --> 00:47:27,094 I'll take these outside. Please. 668 00:47:27,178 --> 00:47:28,179 Good night. 669 00:47:28,220 --> 00:47:29,555 (SPEAKS GERMAN) 670 00:47:42,276 --> 00:47:44,195 It's heavy. It's full of books and pictures 671 00:47:44,278 --> 00:47:47,073 things that mean nothing to anyone but me. 672 00:47:47,698 --> 00:47:48,699 Mr. Schmidt? 673 00:47:48,741 --> 00:47:50,076 Your Honor. 674 00:47:51,577 --> 00:47:53,746 Would you drive Mrs. Bertholt home, please? 675 00:47:53,829 --> 00:47:55,331 Yes, Your Honor. 676 00:47:55,414 --> 00:47:56,832 I hope you're comfortable here. 677 00:47:56,916 --> 00:47:58,292 Yes, I am. Very. 678 00:47:58,375 --> 00:48:00,795 My favorite spot was always the garden. 679 00:48:00,878 --> 00:48:04,090 Remind Mr. Halbestadt to take good care of the rock garden. 680 00:48:04,131 --> 00:48:07,218 You'll get a great deal of pleasure out of it in summer. 681 00:48:07,259 --> 00:48:09,470 I'll sit in front, thank you. 682 00:48:11,430 --> 00:48:12,431 Good night. 683 00:48:12,515 --> 00:48:13,557 Good night. 684 00:48:13,599 --> 00:48:15,101 Karolinenstrasse 115, please. 685 00:48:15,142 --> 00:48:16,519 Yes, madam. 686 00:48:17,269 --> 00:48:19,105 (ENGINE STARTING) 687 00:48:32,451 --> 00:48:34,328 (WHISPERING IN GERMAN) 688 00:48:36,789 --> 00:48:38,457 Sit down. Sit down. 689 00:48:40,459 --> 00:48:41,961 Uh, Mrs. Halbestadt, 690 00:48:42,044 --> 00:48:44,630 you worked for Mrs. Bertholt, didn't you? 691 00:48:45,756 --> 00:48:47,550 Yes, Your Honor. 692 00:48:47,633 --> 00:48:48,926 How long did she live here? 693 00:48:49,927 --> 00:48:51,512 Madame Bertholt? 694 00:48:51,846 --> 00:48:54,640 Oh, Madame Bertholt and her family have lived here 695 00:48:54,682 --> 00:48:56,308 for many generations, Your Honor. 696 00:48:57,685 --> 00:48:59,019 Thank you. 697 00:49:00,729 --> 00:49:04,066 MRS. HALBESTADT: Your Honor, you came in here for something? 698 00:49:04,150 --> 00:49:05,192 Oh, oh, yeah. 699 00:49:05,276 --> 00:49:07,653 Well, I was just going to make myself a sandwich. 700 00:49:07,736 --> 00:49:09,321 Oh, we will make it for you. 701 00:49:09,363 --> 00:49:10,781 We will make you anything you want. 702 00:49:10,823 --> 00:49:11,949 No. No, it's nothing. 703 00:49:11,991 --> 00:49:14,076 I always used to do it for myself back home. 704 00:49:14,160 --> 00:49:15,327 What would you like? 705 00:49:15,369 --> 00:49:18,497 I have some ham and cheese and liverwurst. 706 00:49:18,539 --> 00:49:20,291 Cheese will be fine. 707 00:49:22,418 --> 00:49:24,336 That's very kind of you. 708 00:49:31,844 --> 00:49:33,345 Mr. Halbestadt, 709 00:49:33,387 --> 00:49:36,765 what was it like, uh, living under National Socialism? 710 00:49:38,893 --> 00:49:40,311 What was it like? 711 00:49:40,769 --> 00:49:43,772 Yes. I mean, uh... Uh, day to day? 712 00:49:44,273 --> 00:49:46,901 You know, I know many people at home like you. 713 00:49:46,984 --> 00:49:49,612 You're good people. I believe that. 714 00:49:49,695 --> 00:49:50,696 Uh, 715 00:49:51,238 --> 00:49:54,116 what was it like for you, living under Hitler? 716 00:49:54,200 --> 00:49:55,784 Uh, we were not political. 717 00:49:55,868 --> 00:49:58,370 Mr. Halbestadt and I are not political. 718 00:49:58,412 --> 00:49:59,455 (SPEAKING GERMAN) 719 00:49:59,538 --> 00:50:00,539 (SPEAKS GERMAN) 720 00:50:00,623 --> 00:50:01,999 No, but, uh, 721 00:50:02,541 --> 00:50:06,503 you must have been aware of some of the events that were going on. 722 00:50:09,048 --> 00:50:11,675 Many things were going on, Mr. Halbestadt. 723 00:50:11,717 --> 00:50:13,469 There were parades. 724 00:50:15,012 --> 00:50:17,723 Hitler and Goebbels came here every year. 725 00:50:19,308 --> 00:50:20,935 What was it like? 726 00:50:21,936 --> 00:50:24,688 We... We never attended meetings. Never. 727 00:50:24,855 --> 00:50:25,856 (CHUCKLES) 728 00:50:25,898 --> 00:50:28,025 I'm not trying to put you on trial. 729 00:50:28,067 --> 00:50:31,195 I'm just, uh... I'm just curious. I'd like to know. 730 00:50:32,196 --> 00:50:33,739 Here's your sandwich, Your Honor. 731 00:50:33,822 --> 00:50:35,241 Thank you. 732 00:50:35,282 --> 00:50:36,784 You're welcome. 733 00:50:37,409 --> 00:50:38,744 Thank you. 734 00:50:40,246 --> 00:50:41,455 (SIGHING) 735 00:50:42,248 --> 00:50:44,416 For instance, there was a place called Dachau 736 00:50:44,500 --> 00:50:46,585 which was not too many miles from here. 737 00:50:47,586 --> 00:50:50,339 Did you ever know what was going on there? 738 00:50:51,298 --> 00:50:54,301 We knew nothing about it. Nothing about it. 739 00:50:56,428 --> 00:51:00,975 How... How can you ask if... If we knew anything about that? 740 00:51:02,977 --> 00:51:04,311 I'm sorry. 741 00:51:06,772 --> 00:51:10,109 Your Honor, we are only little people. 742 00:51:11,694 --> 00:51:13,654 We lost a son in the army 743 00:51:15,447 --> 00:51:17,700 and our daughter in the bombing. 744 00:51:19,660 --> 00:51:22,288 During the war we almost starved. 745 00:51:23,622 --> 00:51:25,541 It was terrible for us. 746 00:51:27,167 --> 00:51:28,794 I'm sure it was. 747 00:51:30,838 --> 00:51:35,092 Hitler... Hitler did some good things. 748 00:51:36,051 --> 00:51:38,804 I won't say he didn't do some good things. 749 00:51:39,763 --> 00:51:41,640 He built the <i>Autobahn.</i> 750 00:51:42,433 --> 00:51:44,435 He gave more people work. 751 00:51:45,269 --> 00:51:48,272 We won't say he didn't do some good things. 752 00:51:49,815 --> 00:51:52,318 But the... The other things, 753 00:51:53,319 --> 00:51:56,030 the things they say he did to the Jews and the rest, 754 00:51:56,113 --> 00:51:58,157 we knew nothing about that. 755 00:51:58,449 --> 00:52:00,200 Very few Germans did. 756 00:52:02,661 --> 00:52:05,080 And if we did know, 757 00:52:06,749 --> 00:52:08,375 what could we do? 758 00:52:09,126 --> 00:52:11,253 But Mrs. Halbestadt said you didn't know. 759 00:52:16,300 --> 00:52:17,384 (CLEARS THROAT) 760 00:52:17,468 --> 00:52:20,679 Mrs. Bertholt. How did... How did, uh, she react to all this? 761 00:52:21,513 --> 00:52:24,850 Oh, Madame Bertholt is a very fine woman, Your Honor. 762 00:52:25,601 --> 00:52:28,312 I'm sure she is. What about her husband? 763 00:52:30,314 --> 00:52:31,607 He was in the army. 764 00:52:32,816 --> 00:52:34,568 What happened to him? 765 00:52:36,111 --> 00:52:40,240 He was one of the defendants in the Malmedy case. 766 00:52:43,744 --> 00:52:47,206 General Bertholt. Karl Bertholt. 767 00:52:49,208 --> 00:52:51,293 He was executed, Your Honor. 768 00:52:53,545 --> 00:52:55,172 Yes, I know that. 769 00:52:59,093 --> 00:53:00,886 LAWSON: The document then states that 770 00:53:00,969 --> 00:53:02,638 the photographer, Rudolf Lenz, 771 00:53:02,721 --> 00:53:05,099 is requested to present himself within two weeks 772 00:53:05,182 --> 00:53:07,684 at one the hospitals mentioned below 773 00:53:08,185 --> 00:53:10,771 for medical treatment. 774 00:53:11,939 --> 00:53:15,442 Next, prosecution presents affidavit document No. 488 775 00:53:15,526 --> 00:53:18,404 which concerns the seamstress, Anni Meunch. 776 00:53:18,445 --> 00:53:20,614 Document reads as follows, 777 00:53:20,697 --> 00:53:24,034 "District Court, Frankfurt am Main, has decided the following, 778 00:53:24,076 --> 00:53:28,288 "the seamstress, Anni Meunch, daughter of Wilhelm Meunch is to be sterilized. 779 00:53:28,497 --> 00:53:31,125 "She is therefore requested to present herself within two weeks 780 00:53:31,208 --> 00:53:34,086 "at one of the hospitals mentioned below. 781 00:53:34,128 --> 00:53:36,547 "If she does not take herself voluntarily, 782 00:53:36,588 --> 00:53:38,799 "she will be taken by force." 783 00:53:39,883 --> 00:53:42,261 Next, document no. 449, 784 00:53:42,302 --> 00:53:45,305 interrogatories in the German and English text 785 00:53:45,681 --> 00:53:48,267 concerning the farmer's helper, Meyer Eichinger. 786 00:53:48,350 --> 00:53:49,685 Your Honor, 787 00:53:53,439 --> 00:53:54,565 defense objects 788 00:53:54,606 --> 00:53:57,443 to introduction of these repetitive documents. 789 00:53:57,484 --> 00:54:00,237 According to the ruling of the first tribunal, 790 00:54:00,279 --> 00:54:02,739 such documents are not even admissible 791 00:54:02,781 --> 00:54:06,285 unless supported by independent evidence of their authenticity. 792 00:54:08,120 --> 00:54:09,663 Objection sustained. 793 00:54:11,290 --> 00:54:14,334 Your Honor, uh, may I ask the defense a question? 794 00:54:14,626 --> 00:54:16,003 HAYWOOD: Yes. 795 00:54:16,086 --> 00:54:17,713 Would evidence on sterilization 796 00:54:17,796 --> 00:54:20,340 be admissible if there were a witness? 797 00:54:30,809 --> 00:54:31,852 Yes. 798 00:54:31,935 --> 00:54:33,228 Thank you. 799 00:54:33,937 --> 00:54:36,982 Prosecution calls the witness, Rudolph Petersen. 800 00:55:01,507 --> 00:55:03,717 Will you raise your right hand? 801 00:55:04,218 --> 00:55:06,178 I swear by God, the Almighty and Omniscient, 802 00:55:06,220 --> 00:55:07,554 that I will speak the pure truth 803 00:55:07,638 --> 00:55:09,264 and withhold and add nothing. 804 00:55:10,015 --> 00:55:11,391 Yes, I do. 805 00:55:28,492 --> 00:55:32,371 Will you please tell the court your full name and place of residence? 806 00:55:33,580 --> 00:55:35,123 Rudolph Petersen. 807 00:55:35,207 --> 00:55:38,001 Frankfurt am Main, Gratweg <i>Nummer 7.</i> 808 00:55:39,127 --> 00:55:41,588 LAWSON: When were you born, Mr. Petersen? 809 00:55:41,713 --> 00:55:44,049 May 20, 1914. 810 00:55:44,925 --> 00:55:47,052 And, uh, what is your occupation? 811 00:55:47,761 --> 00:55:50,389 Baker's helper. I'm a baker's helper. 812 00:55:51,682 --> 00:55:54,142 Are your parents living? 813 00:55:55,060 --> 00:55:56,103 No. 814 00:55:57,145 --> 00:55:59,773 Oh, what were the causes of their deaths? 815 00:56:04,069 --> 00:56:07,573 Mr. Petersen, did they... Did they die of natural causes? 816 00:56:07,990 --> 00:56:10,033 Yeah, yeah, yeah, natural. 817 00:56:11,827 --> 00:56:13,787 Mr. Petersen, 818 00:56:13,870 --> 00:56:17,249 what political party did your father belong to? 819 00:56:17,332 --> 00:56:20,460 Communist. The Communist Party. 820 00:56:21,253 --> 00:56:22,462 Uh-huh. 821 00:56:22,921 --> 00:56:24,256 Now... 822 00:56:24,298 --> 00:56:26,508 Now think back. 823 00:56:26,592 --> 00:56:29,303 Do you remember anything unusual 824 00:56:29,469 --> 00:56:32,681 that happened to you and your family in 1933, 825 00:56:33,307 --> 00:56:35,559 before the Nazis came to power? 826 00:56:36,435 --> 00:56:39,271 I mean, uh, anything of a violent nature. 827 00:56:40,439 --> 00:56:41,773 Yeah. Yeah. 828 00:56:42,566 --> 00:56:44,651 How old were you at the time? 829 00:56:44,735 --> 00:56:45,736 19. 830 00:56:46,820 --> 00:56:49,823 Would you please tell the court what happened? 831 00:56:50,699 --> 00:56:52,659 Uh, some... 832 00:56:53,910 --> 00:56:57,664 Some S.A. men broke into the house, our house, 833 00:57:00,125 --> 00:57:02,502 and they broke the windows and the door, 834 00:57:03,795 --> 00:57:05,922 and they called us traitors, 835 00:57:06,840 --> 00:57:11,637 and they tried to... To beat up my father. 836 00:57:12,638 --> 00:57:14,765 LAWSON: And what happened then? 837 00:57:14,806 --> 00:57:18,018 Well, my brothers and I, we went to help him. 838 00:57:19,144 --> 00:57:21,813 And there was a fight, 839 00:57:21,897 --> 00:57:25,817 and finally we got them outside in the street 840 00:57:25,901 --> 00:57:27,653 and we beat them up, 841 00:57:28,779 --> 00:57:31,281 and turned them over to the police. 842 00:57:32,157 --> 00:57:34,368 Did the police do anything about it? 843 00:57:34,534 --> 00:57:36,161 -No. -Why not? 844 00:57:36,953 --> 00:57:38,497 It was then, 845 00:57:38,538 --> 00:57:42,542 at the time of the... Of the national elections. 846 00:57:42,959 --> 00:57:45,170 LAWSON: Oh, you mean the time the National Socialists 847 00:57:45,212 --> 00:57:46,254 came to power? 848 00:57:46,338 --> 00:57:47,339 Yeah. 849 00:57:47,381 --> 00:57:49,049 Now, Mr. Petersen, 850 00:57:50,050 --> 00:57:53,553 what happened after 1933, 851 00:57:54,012 --> 00:57:56,181 after the Nazis came to power? 852 00:57:56,640 --> 00:57:59,601 (SIGHING) I got a job on a farm, 853 00:58:00,227 --> 00:58:04,481 but for the work, to drive a truck, it was necessary. 854 00:58:05,524 --> 00:58:09,778 I went to the city building to apply for a license. 855 00:58:10,153 --> 00:58:12,114 And what happened there? 856 00:58:12,864 --> 00:58:15,742 They took me to an official. 857 00:58:17,577 --> 00:58:21,206 Did you ever have any dealings with this, uh, official before? 858 00:58:22,124 --> 00:58:24,543 He was one of the men 859 00:58:26,044 --> 00:58:28,547 who broke into our house that night. 860 00:58:28,880 --> 00:58:31,341 What did he say to your application? 861 00:58:32,801 --> 00:58:36,388 He said an examination there would have to be. 862 00:58:37,389 --> 00:58:40,100 Where was the examination to take place? 863 00:58:40,559 --> 00:58:43,395 In the District Court of Stuttgart. 864 00:58:44,396 --> 00:58:47,232 Who was the presiding justice in the court? 865 00:58:50,944 --> 00:58:52,779 Justice Hoffstetter. 866 00:58:54,906 --> 00:58:56,908 Now, what happened in the courtroom? 867 00:58:58,577 --> 00:59:02,164 Uh, they asked me my... My full name and... 868 00:59:02,247 --> 00:59:04,291 And so forth. 869 00:59:04,958 --> 00:59:07,419 What else did they ask you? 870 00:59:08,128 --> 00:59:12,841 They asked me when Adolf Hitler and Dr. Goebbels were born. 871 00:59:14,217 --> 00:59:15,927 What did you reply? 872 00:59:16,845 --> 00:59:21,850 I told them I didn't know, and also that I didn't care. 873 00:59:21,933 --> 00:59:23,560 (PEOPLE LAUGHING) 874 00:59:28,190 --> 00:59:31,109 Did they, uh, did they ask you any more questions? 875 00:59:31,777 --> 00:59:35,864 No. They told me that I would be hearing from them in 10 days. 876 00:59:36,364 --> 00:59:39,743 I see. Now, Mr. Petersen, 877 00:59:41,661 --> 00:59:44,080 I'd like you to look at something. 878 00:59:57,135 --> 00:59:59,137 Do you recognize it? 879 00:59:59,179 --> 01:00:00,180 Yeah. 880 01:00:00,263 --> 01:00:02,474 Would you please read it for the tribunal? 881 01:00:05,644 --> 01:00:08,647 "District Court of Stuttgart. 882 01:00:09,606 --> 01:00:13,568 "The baker, Rudolph Petersen, born May 20, 1914, 883 01:00:14,319 --> 01:00:18,156 "son of railway employee, Hans Petersen, 884 01:00:22,452 --> 01:00:24,204 "is to be sterilized." 885 01:00:25,330 --> 01:00:27,958 LAWSON: Now would you read the last paragraph? 886 01:00:32,754 --> 01:00:35,882 "It is therefore requested 887 01:00:35,966 --> 01:00:39,344 "he present himself within two weeks 888 01:00:39,594 --> 01:00:42,597 "to one of the hospitals mentioned below. 889 01:00:43,849 --> 01:00:46,017 "If he does not 890 01:00:47,269 --> 01:00:50,397 "betake himself voluntarily, 891 01:00:52,941 --> 01:00:55,110 "he will be taken by force." 892 01:00:59,322 --> 01:01:01,908 Now, please read the signature at the bottom. 893 01:01:05,287 --> 01:01:08,206 "Presiding Justice Hoffstetter." 894 01:01:12,335 --> 01:01:15,505 Would you read what is written below the signature? 895 01:01:16,339 --> 01:01:17,424 Below? 896 01:01:17,507 --> 01:01:19,009 LAWSON: Below. 897 01:01:19,593 --> 01:01:22,178 "By authority of 898 01:01:23,346 --> 01:01:24,890 "Ernst Janning, 899 01:01:26,725 --> 01:01:28,518 "Minister of Justice." 900 01:01:31,813 --> 01:01:33,398 Your Honor, 901 01:01:36,067 --> 01:01:39,070 may the defense see the file of Mr. Petersen? 902 01:01:40,614 --> 01:01:44,409 What did you do after you received the letter, Mr. Petersen? 903 01:01:44,451 --> 01:01:49,205 I ran away. I stayed at the farm of a friend I have. 904 01:01:49,915 --> 01:01:51,958 And, uh, did you return? 905 01:01:52,584 --> 01:01:53,585 Did I what? 906 01:01:53,668 --> 01:01:55,003 Did you return? 907 01:01:55,587 --> 01:01:57,088 Yes. 908 01:01:57,130 --> 01:01:59,007 And what happened then? 909 01:02:00,425 --> 01:02:02,010 The police came. 910 01:02:02,594 --> 01:02:04,304 The police came. 911 01:02:04,387 --> 01:02:05,597 Where did they take you? 912 01:02:08,600 --> 01:02:10,268 To the hospital. 913 01:02:10,352 --> 01:02:13,563 Uh, Mr. Petersen, excuse me. 914 01:02:13,605 --> 01:02:16,149 I wonder if you could speak a little louder, please. 915 01:02:17,859 --> 01:02:19,694 To the hospital. 916 01:02:19,778 --> 01:02:21,571 And what happened at the hospital? 917 01:02:22,530 --> 01:02:24,282 They kept me there. 918 01:02:25,075 --> 01:02:27,994 The, uh, the nurse who was... 919 01:02:30,205 --> 01:02:32,248 Well, she came in, anyway. 920 01:02:32,707 --> 01:02:35,627 She was to prepare me for the operation. 921 01:02:35,669 --> 01:02:40,215 And she said she thought the whole thing was terrible. 922 01:02:43,385 --> 01:02:47,514 And then the doctor came in who was supposed to do the... 923 01:02:49,891 --> 01:02:53,228 And he said he thought it was awful. 924 01:02:55,146 --> 01:02:58,149 Were you, in fact, sterilized? 925 01:03:07,283 --> 01:03:09,828 LAWSON: Thank you very much, Mr. Petersen. 926 01:03:11,246 --> 01:03:12,622 That's all. 927 01:03:14,833 --> 01:03:16,584 HAYWOOD: <i>Herr</i> Rolfe? 928 01:03:26,678 --> 01:03:28,054 Mr. Petersen, 929 01:03:28,138 --> 01:03:29,723 (CLEARING THROAT) 930 01:03:30,390 --> 01:03:34,019 You may take your earphones off now, if you want to. 931 01:03:41,026 --> 01:03:42,610 Mr. Petersen, 932 01:03:42,694 --> 01:03:46,281 you say you work as a baker's helper? Is that correct? 933 01:03:46,364 --> 01:03:48,158 Yes, that is right. 934 01:03:49,993 --> 01:03:52,537 What other occupations have you held? 935 01:03:52,620 --> 01:03:55,040 I have worked for my father. 936 01:03:56,124 --> 01:03:57,709 What did your father do? 937 01:03:58,626 --> 01:04:00,378 He was a railroad worker. 938 01:04:01,087 --> 01:04:03,548 Yes, but, uh, what did he do? 939 01:04:04,090 --> 01:04:09,012 Oh, he would raise and lower the barrier 940 01:04:10,221 --> 01:04:12,807 at the crossing, for traffic. 941 01:04:16,561 --> 01:04:18,938 And you spoke about your brothers. 942 01:04:19,773 --> 01:04:21,316 How many brothers do you have? 943 01:04:22,192 --> 01:04:23,193 Five. 944 01:04:23,651 --> 01:04:25,028 And sisters? 945 01:04:25,403 --> 01:04:26,446 Four. 946 01:04:26,529 --> 01:04:27,864 Then you are a family of 10? 947 01:04:27,906 --> 01:04:28,990 Yes. 948 01:04:31,826 --> 01:04:34,412 What occupations do your brothers have? 949 01:04:34,913 --> 01:04:36,122 Laborers. 950 01:04:37,332 --> 01:04:38,792 All laborers? 951 01:04:39,667 --> 01:04:40,710 I see. 952 01:04:42,378 --> 01:04:43,797 Mr. Petersen, 953 01:04:43,880 --> 01:04:46,966 you said the court at Stuttgart asked you two questions, 954 01:04:47,050 --> 01:04:49,052 the birth dates of Hitler and Dr. Goebbels. 955 01:04:49,094 --> 01:04:50,595 Is that correct? 956 01:04:50,678 --> 01:04:52,430 Yes, correct. 957 01:04:52,514 --> 01:04:54,557 What else did they ask you? 958 01:04:55,100 --> 01:04:56,101 Uh, 959 01:04:57,227 --> 01:04:58,686 nothing else. 960 01:05:00,105 --> 01:05:01,439 Are you sure? 961 01:05:02,315 --> 01:05:05,443 Are you sure there were no questions about your schooling? 962 01:05:05,527 --> 01:05:07,195 LAWSON: Objection! 963 01:05:07,737 --> 01:05:10,031 The witness has already answered that question. 964 01:05:14,911 --> 01:05:16,621 Objection sustained. 965 01:05:22,001 --> 01:05:23,586 May I ask you, 966 01:05:24,879 --> 01:05:26,339 Mr. Petersen, 967 01:05:29,467 --> 01:05:30,927 may I ask you 968 01:05:34,305 --> 01:05:35,974 how long did you attend school? 969 01:05:36,975 --> 01:05:38,309 Six years. 970 01:05:38,351 --> 01:05:40,812 Six years? Why not longer? 971 01:05:41,938 --> 01:05:42,939 (EXHALING) 972 01:05:42,981 --> 01:05:44,649 I had to go to work. 973 01:05:45,233 --> 01:05:48,987 Would you consider yourself a very bright fellow at school? 974 01:05:50,280 --> 01:05:52,031 School? It was a... 975 01:05:53,783 --> 01:05:56,161 It was a long while ago. I don't... 976 01:05:57,245 --> 01:06:00,415 Perhaps you were not able to keep up with the others 977 01:06:00,498 --> 01:06:02,667 and that's why you did not continue? 978 01:06:02,750 --> 01:06:04,919 Objection, Your Honor. 979 01:06:05,003 --> 01:06:08,423 The witness' school record has nothing to do with what happened to him. 980 01:06:08,506 --> 01:06:10,341 It was the task of the health court 981 01:06:10,425 --> 01:06:12,135 to sterilize the mentally incompetent. 982 01:06:17,098 --> 01:06:18,183 Objection overruled. 983 01:06:25,190 --> 01:06:28,902 Were you able, or were you not able 984 01:06:29,736 --> 01:06:31,821 to keep up with the others? 985 01:06:37,243 --> 01:06:39,621 I would like to refer to the efficiency report 986 01:06:39,704 --> 01:06:41,873 made at the school about Mr. Petersen. 987 01:06:41,956 --> 01:06:46,377 He failed to be promoted, and was placed in a class of backward children. 988 01:06:51,216 --> 01:06:55,053 You say your parents died of natural causes. 989 01:06:55,094 --> 01:06:56,471 Yes. 990 01:06:56,554 --> 01:07:00,266 Would you describe in detail the illness your mother died of? 991 01:07:00,350 --> 01:07:02,227 She died of her heart. 992 01:07:03,353 --> 01:07:05,230 In the last stages of her illness, 993 01:07:05,271 --> 01:07:10,902 did your mother show any mental peculiarities? 994 01:07:10,944 --> 01:07:12,570 Uh, me... 995 01:07:12,654 --> 01:07:14,239 No. No. 996 01:07:15,823 --> 01:07:18,201 In the decision that came down from Stuttgart, 997 01:07:18,243 --> 01:07:19,911 it is stated that your mother suffered 998 01:07:19,994 --> 01:07:21,913 from hereditary feeble-mindedness. 999 01:07:21,996 --> 01:07:23,206 That is not... 1000 01:07:23,248 --> 01:07:26,459 That is not true! Not true! Not true! 1001 01:07:28,253 --> 01:07:30,922 Can you give us some clarification as to how 1002 01:07:31,005 --> 01:07:33,049 the hereditary health court in Stuttgart 1003 01:07:33,091 --> 01:07:34,342 arrived at that decision? 1004 01:07:34,842 --> 01:07:37,762 It was just something they said 1005 01:07:37,804 --> 01:07:39,806 to put me on the operating table. 1006 01:07:39,889 --> 01:07:41,599 It was just something they said? 1007 01:07:41,683 --> 01:07:42,684 Yes! 1008 01:07:43,518 --> 01:07:47,647 Mr. Petersen, there was a simple test 1009 01:07:48,731 --> 01:07:52,777 that the health court used to ask in all cases of mental incompetence. 1010 01:07:53,611 --> 01:07:56,281 Since you say they did not ask you then, 1011 01:07:56,656 --> 01:07:59,450 perhaps you can answer it for us now. 1012 01:07:59,492 --> 01:08:01,452 Form a sentence out of the words 1013 01:08:01,494 --> 01:08:03,204 "hare," "hunter," "field." 1014 01:08:03,288 --> 01:08:05,123 Your Honor, objection. 1015 01:08:10,420 --> 01:08:11,838 Mr. Petersen, 1016 01:08:13,881 --> 01:08:18,136 was the court in Stuttgart constituted like this one? 1017 01:08:19,637 --> 01:08:22,140 I don't understand what... 1018 01:08:22,640 --> 01:08:24,142 Was there an audience? 1019 01:08:25,601 --> 01:08:27,395 An audience? Yes, yes. 1020 01:08:28,479 --> 01:08:29,814 Thank you. 1021 01:08:33,151 --> 01:08:34,861 Objection overruled. 1022 01:08:36,988 --> 01:08:41,284 "Hare," "hunter," "field." 1023 01:08:41,951 --> 01:08:43,411 Mr. Petersen, 1024 01:08:45,538 --> 01:08:47,081 take your time. 1025 01:08:49,334 --> 01:08:50,835 "Hare," "hunter," "field." 1026 01:08:50,918 --> 01:08:52,003 (GRUNTS) 1027 01:08:52,879 --> 01:08:54,464 (CLEARING THROAT) 1028 01:08:54,505 --> 01:08:58,134 "Hare," "hunter." 1029 01:09:01,429 --> 01:09:04,098 They had already made up... 1030 01:09:05,183 --> 01:09:08,519 When I walked into the court, they had made up their minds. 1031 01:09:08,603 --> 01:09:10,813 They had made up their minds! 1032 01:09:11,773 --> 01:09:15,193 They put me in the hospital, like a criminal. 1033 01:09:15,234 --> 01:09:18,780 I could not say anything. I could not do anything. I... 1034 01:09:21,532 --> 01:09:23,201 I had to lay there. 1035 01:09:26,079 --> 01:09:28,539 My... My mother, 1036 01:09:30,166 --> 01:09:32,085 what you say about her... 1037 01:09:32,168 --> 01:09:36,172 She was a woman, a servant woman who worked hard. 1038 01:09:36,214 --> 01:09:38,132 She was a hardworking woman, 1039 01:09:38,216 --> 01:09:41,761 and it is not fair, not fair what you say. 1040 01:09:47,850 --> 01:09:49,060 Ah, here. 1041 01:09:51,104 --> 01:09:55,274 I want to show you. I have here her... Her picture. 1042 01:09:56,150 --> 01:09:58,403 I would like you to look at it. 1043 01:10:10,039 --> 01:10:12,250 I would like you to judge. 1044 01:10:14,419 --> 01:10:18,464 I want that you tell me 1045 01:10:18,881 --> 01:10:21,426 was she feeble-minded? 1046 01:10:23,010 --> 01:10:24,345 My mother! 1047 01:10:26,389 --> 01:10:28,224 Was she feeble-minded? 1048 01:10:31,269 --> 01:10:32,770 Was she? 1049 01:10:43,030 --> 01:10:46,159 I feel it is my duty to point out to the tribunal 1050 01:10:47,034 --> 01:10:50,621 that the witness is not in control of his mental processes. 1051 01:10:51,414 --> 01:10:55,251 I know I am not. Since that day. 1052 01:10:56,836 --> 01:11:00,548 I've been half I've ever been. 1053 01:11:08,222 --> 01:11:11,309 The tribunal does not know how you were before. 1054 01:11:12,351 --> 01:11:14,020 It can never know. 1055 01:11:15,605 --> 01:11:16,898 It has only your word. 1056 01:11:37,835 --> 01:11:38,836 (POUNDING GAVEL) 1057 01:11:38,920 --> 01:11:40,421 Court is adjourned. 1058 01:11:40,505 --> 01:11:41,923 (PEOPLE MURMURING) 1059 01:11:53,267 --> 01:11:55,853 That's one problem we have with the prosecution. 1060 01:11:55,937 --> 01:11:58,189 It's filled with young radicals like Lawson. 1061 01:11:59,190 --> 01:12:01,609 Is that what Lawson is? A young radical? 1062 01:12:01,692 --> 01:12:04,695 Well, he was a personal protégé of F.D.R. 1063 01:12:04,737 --> 01:12:06,322 Well, F.D.R. had a few friends 1064 01:12:06,364 --> 01:12:08,032 who weren't radicals, didn't he? 1065 01:12:08,115 --> 01:12:09,367 Name one. 1066 01:12:09,867 --> 01:12:11,661 Well, Wendell Wilkie. 1067 01:12:11,702 --> 01:12:12,870 Wilkie. 1068 01:12:13,538 --> 01:12:15,957 Is he your idea of a conservative? 1069 01:12:16,707 --> 01:12:18,543 As a matter of fact, Dan, 1070 01:12:18,626 --> 01:12:20,836 I've been wondering how you stand. 1071 01:12:20,878 --> 01:12:22,838 Well, I'll clarify that for you, Curtiss. 1072 01:12:22,880 --> 01:12:25,258 I'm a rock-ribbed Republican 1073 01:12:25,341 --> 01:12:27,718 who thought that Franklin Roosevelt was a great man. 1074 01:12:27,802 --> 01:12:28,886 (PEOPLE CLAPPING) 1075 01:12:28,928 --> 01:12:30,388 Oh, one of those? 1076 01:12:30,429 --> 01:12:31,430 (LAUGHING) 1077 01:12:34,308 --> 01:12:35,393 Max! 1078 01:12:36,227 --> 01:12:37,895 Max Perkins. You know him? 1079 01:12:37,979 --> 01:12:39,188 No, I don't think so. 1080 01:12:39,230 --> 01:12:41,274 He's with the United Press. 1081 01:12:45,236 --> 01:12:47,071 Max, what are you doing here? 1082 01:12:47,113 --> 01:12:49,323 I thought you might kick up a row or something. 1083 01:12:49,407 --> 01:12:51,826 I haven't had that much to drink. 1084 01:12:51,909 --> 01:12:53,619 Oh, I'm sorry, this is Judge Ives. 1085 01:12:53,703 --> 01:12:55,204 -Hello. -Mrs. Ives. 1086 01:12:55,246 --> 01:12:56,872 -How do you do? -How do you do? 1087 01:12:56,914 --> 01:12:58,499 MAX: Judge Haywood, Mrs. Bertholt. 1088 01:12:58,583 --> 01:12:59,625 We have met. 1089 01:12:59,709 --> 01:13:01,043 Yes, we have. 1090 01:13:01,085 --> 01:13:03,170 IVES: Won't you join us for a drink? 1091 01:13:03,254 --> 01:13:05,047 We would like to very much. 1092 01:13:05,089 --> 01:13:07,049 IVES: Max, will you sit here? MAX: Thank you. 1093 01:13:07,925 --> 01:13:12,138 Incidentally, Max, I admired your article on Mrs. Bertholt very much. 1094 01:13:12,263 --> 01:13:16,434 It was straight reporting. Her defense of her husband was quite eloquent. 1095 01:13:16,517 --> 01:13:18,769 IVES: Are you going to do a story on these trials? 1096 01:13:19,478 --> 01:13:21,606 I'll tell you something frankly, Judge. 1097 01:13:21,647 --> 01:13:25,276 At the moment, I couldn't give a story away on the Nuremberg trials. 1098 01:13:25,610 --> 01:13:27,111 What do you mean, Mr. Perkins? 1099 01:13:27,153 --> 01:13:29,363 The American public just isn't interested anymore. 1100 01:13:29,864 --> 01:13:32,658 But the war's only been over two years, Mr. Perkins. 1101 01:13:33,075 --> 01:13:34,368 That's right. 1102 01:13:34,452 --> 01:13:35,995 May I take your order, please? 1103 01:13:36,078 --> 01:13:37,663 Yes. See what the ladies will have. 1104 01:13:37,747 --> 01:13:38,998 How about some more beer, Dan? 1105 01:13:39,081 --> 01:13:41,292 No, no, no. I think I've had my fill of beer. 1106 01:13:41,334 --> 01:13:43,461 I'd like to try something else, if I may. 1107 01:13:43,502 --> 01:13:45,463 Why don't you try some Sonnenberg, 1108 01:13:45,504 --> 01:13:47,923 or Schwalbenwinkel? It's the local wine. 1109 01:13:47,965 --> 01:13:49,300 Sonnenberg or... 1110 01:13:49,342 --> 01:13:51,052 Schwalbenwinkel. 1111 01:13:51,135 --> 01:13:52,803 Yes, I think I'd like that. 1112 01:13:52,887 --> 01:13:54,847 Some Schweissenwinkel. 1113 01:13:54,930 --> 01:13:56,182 Will you have some? 1114 01:13:56,265 --> 01:13:57,725 Yes, thank you. I'll have the same. 1115 01:13:57,808 --> 01:13:59,226 Should we stay with the beer, Max? 1116 01:13:59,310 --> 01:14:00,478 Fine. 1117 01:14:00,519 --> 01:14:02,313 Thank you, thank you. 1118 01:14:02,355 --> 01:14:04,148 You got home all right the other night? 1119 01:14:04,190 --> 01:14:05,733 Oh, yes, thank you. 1120 01:14:05,816 --> 01:14:09,070 I don't know what I would have done without the car. 1121 01:14:09,737 --> 01:14:12,573 You speak, uh, English very well, Mrs. Bertholt. 1122 01:14:12,657 --> 01:14:13,866 Thank you. 1123 01:14:13,949 --> 01:14:16,661 My husband and I spent three years in America. 1124 01:14:19,997 --> 01:14:23,042 I hope you had a chance to see something of Nuremberg. 1125 01:14:23,125 --> 01:14:24,168 Well. 1126 01:14:24,210 --> 01:14:25,795 Well, I'm afraid mainly the... 1127 01:14:25,878 --> 01:14:29,548 The road between my house and the Palace of Justice. 1128 01:14:29,632 --> 01:14:32,593 Uh, and then some places that have to do with the case, 1129 01:14:32,677 --> 01:14:34,345 the historical aspects. 1130 01:14:34,387 --> 01:14:35,888 The Nazi aspects. 1131 01:14:36,681 --> 01:14:39,058 You should see some of the other parts of Nuremberg. 1132 01:14:39,141 --> 01:14:42,269 There are many beautiful things to see in the old part of town. 1133 01:14:42,353 --> 01:14:44,689 Museums we're trying to rebuild. 1134 01:14:44,730 --> 01:14:46,899 And there's a concert, a piano concert, 1135 01:14:46,982 --> 01:14:49,110 next week at the old opera house. 1136 01:14:49,193 --> 01:14:50,653 Arthur Reiss. 1137 01:14:51,070 --> 01:14:53,364 He was a refugee from Hitler in the early days. 1138 01:14:54,198 --> 01:14:55,866 We've persuaded him to come back. 1139 01:14:55,908 --> 01:14:57,368 It ought to be quite an evening. 1140 01:14:57,827 --> 01:14:59,704 Would you like to come? 1141 01:14:59,745 --> 01:15:00,913 Yes, I would. 1142 01:15:01,747 --> 01:15:04,542 I'll tell them to leave a ticket for you at the box office. 1143 01:15:04,625 --> 01:15:06,001 I'm on the committee. 1144 01:15:06,043 --> 01:15:07,628 Thank you very much, Mrs. Bertholt. 1145 01:15:07,712 --> 01:15:09,046 Oh, it's nothing. 1146 01:15:09,088 --> 01:15:11,132 You see, I have a mission with the Americans, 1147 01:15:11,215 --> 01:15:13,008 as Mr. Perkins can tell you. 1148 01:15:13,050 --> 01:15:14,719 Oh, what is that? 1149 01:15:15,678 --> 01:15:18,597 To convince you that we're not all monsters. 1150 01:15:22,560 --> 01:15:24,228 -Good evening, Colonel. -Good evening. 1151 01:15:24,270 --> 01:15:25,646 Colonel. Major Radnitz. 1152 01:15:26,480 --> 01:15:28,607 Good evening, Mrs. Bertholt. 1153 01:15:31,736 --> 01:15:33,195 I hope you'll excuse me. 1154 01:15:33,237 --> 01:15:34,739 But you've just come, Mrs... 1155 01:15:34,822 --> 01:15:36,490 No, I must go. Please excuse me. 1156 01:15:36,574 --> 01:15:38,200 It was awfully nice meeting you. 1157 01:15:38,242 --> 01:15:39,952 If you really want to hear the concert, 1158 01:15:40,035 --> 01:15:41,912 there'll be a ticket for you at the box office. 1159 01:15:41,954 --> 01:15:43,581 -Thank you. -Good night. 1160 01:15:43,664 --> 01:15:44,665 Good night. 1161 01:15:44,749 --> 01:15:45,750 Good night. 1162 01:15:45,791 --> 01:15:46,959 Good night, Mrs. Bertholt. Max. 1163 01:15:50,546 --> 01:15:51,547 (LAUGHS) 1164 01:15:52,590 --> 01:15:57,178 Mrs. Bertholt doesn't hold a burning passion for me. 1165 01:15:58,262 --> 01:16:00,264 I prosecuted her husband. 1166 01:16:02,308 --> 01:16:04,685 There are many people who think a death sentence 1167 01:16:04,769 --> 01:16:07,271 would not have been passed against General Bertholt today. 1168 01:16:07,772 --> 01:16:09,648 Oh, I'm sure there are. 1169 01:16:10,191 --> 01:16:12,318 I'm... I'm sure there are people who think 1170 01:16:12,401 --> 01:16:15,738 all the prisoners in Nuremberg should be free today. 1171 01:16:15,780 --> 01:16:17,782 All of them. Let... Let... 1172 01:16:19,033 --> 01:16:20,075 Excuse me. 1173 01:16:20,701 --> 01:16:22,119 I've had, uh... 1174 01:16:22,953 --> 01:16:25,122 I've had one or two too many 1175 01:16:25,164 --> 01:16:28,334 as might be painfully obvious to you gentlemen. 1176 01:16:28,417 --> 01:16:29,960 The spectacle this afternoon 1177 01:16:30,002 --> 01:16:32,797 with Mr. Petersen put me off my feed. I'm sorry. 1178 01:16:32,838 --> 01:16:37,009 Three beers and Schwalbenwinkel, please. 1179 01:16:41,013 --> 01:16:42,723 (SPEAKS GERMAN) 1180 01:16:43,724 --> 01:16:45,226 Schwalbenwinkel. 1181 01:16:45,309 --> 01:16:46,602 Schwalbenwinkel. 1182 01:16:47,561 --> 01:16:49,313 Yeah, it's good beer. 1183 01:16:49,355 --> 01:16:50,898 They make it good in this country. 1184 01:16:50,981 --> 01:16:52,024 Mmm. 1185 01:16:52,107 --> 01:16:53,234 You know... 1186 01:16:53,984 --> 01:16:57,321 You know, there's, uh, there's one thing about Americans. 1187 01:16:58,405 --> 01:17:00,908 We're not cut out to be occupiers. 1188 01:17:00,991 --> 01:17:04,036 We're new at it. We're not very good at it. 1189 01:17:04,119 --> 01:17:06,997 We... We... We come over here, and what do we see? 1190 01:17:07,998 --> 01:17:10,459 We see this beautiful country. 1191 01:17:10,501 --> 01:17:13,045 It is beautiful. It's very beautiful. 1192 01:17:13,671 --> 01:17:16,924 We see the culture that goes back for hundreds of years. 1193 01:17:17,007 --> 01:17:19,093 We see its <i>gemutlich</i> charm, 1194 01:17:19,927 --> 01:17:23,514 and the charm of people like, uh, Mrs. Bertholt. 1195 01:17:24,890 --> 01:17:27,726 We... We've got a built-in inferiority complex. 1196 01:17:27,810 --> 01:17:30,187 We forgive and forget easy. 1197 01:17:30,646 --> 01:17:32,815 We give the other guy the benefit of the doubt. 1198 01:17:32,857 --> 01:17:35,109 That's the American way. 1199 01:17:35,192 --> 01:17:36,777 (LAUGHING) 1200 01:17:36,861 --> 01:17:38,737 We beat the greatest war machine 1201 01:17:38,821 --> 01:17:40,823 since Alexander the Great. 1202 01:17:42,032 --> 01:17:44,368 And now the boy scouts take over. 1203 01:17:45,995 --> 01:17:47,580 The trouble with you, Colonel, 1204 01:17:47,663 --> 01:17:49,582 is you'd like to indict the whole country. 1205 01:17:49,665 --> 01:17:52,710 Now that might be emotionally satisfying to you, 1206 01:17:52,793 --> 01:17:55,838 but it wouldn't be exactly practical, and hardly fair. 1207 01:17:57,298 --> 01:17:58,716 Hardly fair? 1208 01:18:01,927 --> 01:18:03,137 "Hare." 1209 01:18:04,305 --> 01:18:05,556 "Hunter." 1210 01:18:06,932 --> 01:18:08,183 "Field." 1211 01:18:09,810 --> 01:18:11,896 That's right, let's be fair. 1212 01:18:12,897 --> 01:18:15,941 "The hare was shot by the hunter in the field." 1213 01:18:16,734 --> 01:18:17,985 It's really quite simple. 1214 01:18:20,362 --> 01:18:21,363 Uh, 1215 01:18:22,031 --> 01:18:25,367 Colonel, I think we ought to be going. 1216 01:18:25,409 --> 01:18:28,078 Yes, we really shouldn't be discussing this. 1217 01:18:28,120 --> 01:18:29,872 Oh, no, no, Judge. 1218 01:18:29,914 --> 01:18:32,082 We're fair Americans, and true-blue. 1219 01:18:32,124 --> 01:18:34,126 We mustn't do anything that's out of order. 1220 01:18:34,209 --> 01:18:37,421 No, sir. We can't do anything that's out of order. 1221 01:18:41,091 --> 01:18:43,260 There are no Nazis in Germany. 1222 01:18:43,302 --> 01:18:45,471 Didn't you know that, Judge? 1223 01:18:45,554 --> 01:18:48,599 The Eskimos invaded Germany and took over. 1224 01:18:48,682 --> 01:18:51,352 That's how all those terrible things happened. 1225 01:18:51,435 --> 01:18:53,187 It wasn't the fault of the Germans. 1226 01:18:53,270 --> 01:18:55,940 It was the fault of those damn Eskimos. 1227 01:18:58,609 --> 01:19:00,945 Excuse me. Excuse me. 1228 01:19:01,445 --> 01:19:02,613 Good night, Colonel. 1229 01:19:02,696 --> 01:19:04,073 Good night. 1230 01:19:18,253 --> 01:19:20,089 Can I have your attention, please? 1231 01:19:20,130 --> 01:19:21,966 I'm sorry to interrupt your dancing. 1232 01:19:22,049 --> 01:19:25,594 The following officers are requested to report to their units. 1233 01:19:25,636 --> 01:19:31,141 Major McCarthy, Major Citron, Major Cantor, Captain Byers, 1234 01:19:31,183 --> 01:19:35,020 Captain Connell, Captain Douglas, Captain Wolfe, 1235 01:19:35,104 --> 01:19:37,564 Major Booth, and Major Rice. 1236 01:19:38,315 --> 01:19:40,776 Thank you. You can continue dancing. 1237 01:19:41,610 --> 01:19:43,278 (BAND STARTS PLAYING) 1238 01:19:44,154 --> 01:19:45,656 Harry, what is it? 1239 01:19:46,365 --> 01:19:48,617 The Russians have made their move in Czechoslovakia. 1240 01:19:48,659 --> 01:19:50,202 It's rumored Masaryk committed suicide. 1241 01:19:50,285 --> 01:19:51,996 We're sending some units up there. 1242 01:19:52,079 --> 01:19:54,289 IVES: What do you think's gonna happen? 1243 01:19:54,331 --> 01:19:55,833 I don't know. 1244 01:19:59,336 --> 01:20:00,963 Uh, Judge Haywood, 1245 01:20:03,048 --> 01:20:04,174 Elsa Scheffler. 1246 01:20:05,009 --> 01:20:06,010 (SPEAKS GERMAN) 1247 01:20:08,012 --> 01:20:09,013 (SPEAKS GERMAN) 1248 01:20:13,350 --> 01:20:15,519 "President Truman responded to the crisis 1249 01:20:15,602 --> 01:20:18,397 "by calling for an extension of military training. 1250 01:20:18,480 --> 01:20:20,816 "He stated that he is deeply concerned 1251 01:20:20,858 --> 01:20:23,193 "with the survival of the Western nations 1252 01:20:23,235 --> 01:20:26,196 "in face of the threat from the east." 1253 01:20:26,238 --> 01:20:28,157 "Threat from the east." (SCOFFS) 1254 01:20:28,198 --> 01:20:30,284 <i>Herr</i> Janning, did you hear this? 1255 01:20:30,367 --> 01:20:32,536 <i>Herr</i> Janning, did you hear what's in the paper? 1256 01:20:32,578 --> 01:20:34,038 Exactly what Hitler said. 1257 01:20:34,121 --> 01:20:36,874 "The clash for survival between east and west." 1258 01:20:36,915 --> 01:20:38,584 He knew, he knew! 1259 01:20:39,168 --> 01:20:42,921 They'll see that we knew exactly what we were doing all the time. 1260 01:20:43,005 --> 01:20:44,631 They cannot call us criminals, 1261 01:20:44,715 --> 01:20:46,800 and at the same time ask us to help them. 1262 01:20:47,384 --> 01:20:49,178 We must stand together now. 1263 01:20:49,219 --> 01:20:52,056 The most crucial part of this case is coming up. 1264 01:20:52,639 --> 01:20:55,559 We have fallen on happy times, <i>Herr</i> Hahn. 1265 01:20:55,601 --> 01:20:57,895 In the old times it would have made your day 1266 01:20:57,936 --> 01:21:00,189 if I'd deigned to say good morning to you. 1267 01:21:00,230 --> 01:21:02,941 Now that we are here in this place together, 1268 01:21:03,025 --> 01:21:06,445 you feel obliged to tell me what to do with my life. 1269 01:21:06,528 --> 01:21:08,489 <i>Herr</i> Janning, you must stand with us. 1270 01:21:08,572 --> 01:21:10,741 It is not good for Germans to turn on one another. 1271 01:21:10,824 --> 01:21:12,951 We have a common ground now. 1272 01:21:14,536 --> 01:21:16,371 Listen to me, <i>Herr</i> Hahn. 1273 01:21:16,413 --> 01:21:17,915 There have been terrible things 1274 01:21:17,956 --> 01:21:19,666 that have happened to me in my life. 1275 01:21:19,750 --> 01:21:21,752 But the worst thing that has ever happened 1276 01:21:21,794 --> 01:21:24,838 is to find myself in the company of men like you. 1277 01:21:24,922 --> 01:21:27,800 I have nothing in common with you and party hacks like you. 1278 01:21:27,883 --> 01:21:29,426 You have something in common. 1279 01:21:29,468 --> 01:21:31,345 You were part of that same regime. 1280 01:21:31,428 --> 01:21:33,764 You stood by that regime, the same as the rest of us. 1281 01:21:33,847 --> 01:21:36,892 And there's something else you have in common. 1282 01:21:37,309 --> 01:21:38,936 You are a German. 1283 01:21:41,188 --> 01:21:42,731 (PIANO PLAYING) 1284 01:22:59,892 --> 01:23:01,643 (INDISTINCT CONVERSATIONS) 1285 01:23:12,529 --> 01:23:14,031 Good evening. Did you like it? 1286 01:23:14,072 --> 01:23:16,867 Oh, yes, I did, I did. Very much indeed. 1287 01:23:16,909 --> 01:23:18,035 Can I drop you? 1288 01:23:18,118 --> 01:23:19,870 I only live a few blocks from here. 1289 01:23:19,912 --> 01:23:21,705 I was going to walk. 1290 01:23:21,788 --> 01:23:23,665 Would you like to go for a walk? 1291 01:23:23,707 --> 01:23:24,875 Yes, yes, I would. 1292 01:23:24,917 --> 01:23:27,544 I won't need the car now. I'll walk with Mrs. Bertholt. 1293 01:23:27,586 --> 01:23:29,254 You want me to wait for you, Your Honor? 1294 01:23:29,338 --> 01:23:30,505 No, no, that won't be necessary. 1295 01:23:30,547 --> 01:23:32,799 I'll wait for you, Your Honor. 1296 01:23:36,261 --> 01:23:38,388 (MEN SINGING IN GERMAN) 1297 01:24:08,710 --> 01:24:12,547 The German people love to sing, no matter what the situation. 1298 01:24:12,589 --> 01:24:14,258 I've noticed that. 1299 01:24:15,509 --> 01:24:18,345 Do American people sing in bars, too? 1300 01:24:18,428 --> 01:24:20,555 I have forgotten. 1301 01:24:20,597 --> 01:24:23,433 No. We're apt to be pretty sullen in bars. 1302 01:24:26,395 --> 01:24:28,188 (SINGING IN GERMAN) 1303 01:24:35,445 --> 01:24:36,989 I wish you understood German. 1304 01:24:38,532 --> 01:24:40,867 The words are very beautiful. 1305 01:24:40,951 --> 01:24:41,952 Very sad. 1306 01:24:42,953 --> 01:24:45,455 Much sadder than the... The English words. 1307 01:24:46,415 --> 01:24:49,710 The German soldier knows he's going to lose his girl 1308 01:24:51,295 --> 01:24:52,296 and his life. 1309 01:24:55,674 --> 01:24:57,426 The lantern burns every night. 1310 01:24:57,467 --> 01:24:59,303 It knows the steps 1311 01:25:00,429 --> 01:25:02,222 and the way you walk. 1312 01:25:03,515 --> 01:25:06,810 It burns every night, but I've been long forgotten. 1313 01:25:08,395 --> 01:25:10,022 Should harm come to me... 1314 01:25:11,273 --> 01:25:13,275 Who will stand with you 1315 01:25:14,234 --> 01:25:15,902 under the lantern? 1316 01:25:17,112 --> 01:25:20,365 With you, Lili Marleen. 1317 01:25:28,665 --> 01:25:30,792 What is your life like in America? 1318 01:25:31,126 --> 01:25:32,836 Do you have a family? 1319 01:25:32,919 --> 01:25:36,423 Yes, I have a daughter, and she has four children. 1320 01:25:36,506 --> 01:25:39,801 Four? You must be very proud of them. 1321 01:25:39,843 --> 01:25:41,678 Yes, I am. I admit it. 1322 01:25:42,721 --> 01:25:44,264 And where's your wife? 1323 01:25:44,348 --> 01:25:46,350 She died a few years ago. 1324 01:25:46,933 --> 01:25:48,310 Cigarettes? 1325 01:25:50,062 --> 01:25:51,855 How about you? Do you have children? 1326 01:25:51,897 --> 01:25:53,357 No, I don't. 1327 01:25:54,983 --> 01:25:56,693 What is your position in America? 1328 01:25:56,777 --> 01:25:58,612 It must be important. 1329 01:25:58,695 --> 01:26:02,115 No, it isn't, really. I'm a District Court judge. 1330 01:26:02,199 --> 01:26:04,826 I haven't even been that for the last year. 1331 01:26:04,868 --> 01:26:06,453 Are you retired? 1332 01:26:06,536 --> 01:26:09,039 Forcibly, by the electorate. 1333 01:26:09,081 --> 01:26:12,376 You elect judges in the United States? 1334 01:26:12,417 --> 01:26:14,378 Yes, in some states. 1335 01:26:14,419 --> 01:26:16,213 I didn't know that. 1336 01:26:16,296 --> 01:26:18,048 Well, it's either one of the virtues 1337 01:26:18,131 --> 01:26:20,217 or one of the defects of our judiciary system. 1338 01:26:20,258 --> 01:26:22,344 I thought it was one of the virtues until last year, 1339 01:26:22,386 --> 01:26:24,429 when I was defeated. 1340 01:26:24,513 --> 01:26:27,808 I'm sure it was the fault of the electorate, not yours. 1341 01:26:27,891 --> 01:26:30,435 Seems to be some difference of opinion about that. 1342 01:26:34,564 --> 01:26:36,400 This is where I live. 1343 01:26:36,483 --> 01:26:37,776 Here? 1344 01:26:37,859 --> 01:26:39,986 Yes. It's not so bad inside. 1345 01:26:40,070 --> 01:26:41,363 Would you like to come up? 1346 01:26:41,405 --> 01:26:42,572 I could make some coffee. 1347 01:26:42,656 --> 01:26:44,241 Yes, thank you. 1348 01:27:02,426 --> 01:27:05,178 Things haven't been very easy for you, have they? 1349 01:27:05,262 --> 01:27:07,556 I'm not used to them being easy. 1350 01:27:07,597 --> 01:27:09,808 I'm not fragile, Judge Haywood. 1351 01:27:10,559 --> 01:27:12,561 I'm a daughter of the military. 1352 01:27:13,103 --> 01:27:15,480 You know what that means, don't you? 1353 01:27:15,564 --> 01:27:17,149 No, I'm afraid I don't. 1354 01:27:17,774 --> 01:27:20,193 It means I was taught discipline. 1355 01:27:21,153 --> 01:27:23,113 A very special kind of discipline. 1356 01:27:23,196 --> 01:27:24,656 For instance, when I was a child, 1357 01:27:24,739 --> 01:27:28,034 we used to go for long rides into the country in summertime. 1358 01:27:28,118 --> 01:27:29,453 But I was never allowed to run 1359 01:27:29,536 --> 01:27:32,456 to the lemonade stand with the others. 1360 01:27:32,497 --> 01:27:35,417 I was told, "Control your thirst. 1361 01:27:37,127 --> 01:27:38,712 "Control hunger. 1362 01:27:39,963 --> 01:27:41,465 "Control emotion." 1363 01:27:42,132 --> 01:27:43,925 It has served me well. 1364 01:27:45,218 --> 01:27:46,595 And your husband? 1365 01:27:46,636 --> 01:27:49,055 Was he of that heritage, too? 1366 01:27:49,139 --> 01:27:50,807 My husband was a soldier. 1367 01:27:50,849 --> 01:27:53,268 He was brought up to do one thing, 1368 01:27:53,310 --> 01:27:55,979 to fight in the battle, and fight well. 1369 01:27:58,940 --> 01:28:00,317 Is the coffee all right? 1370 01:28:00,400 --> 01:28:01,902 Fine, thank you. 1371 01:28:01,985 --> 01:28:04,488 It's ersatz, but I always try to make it strong. 1372 01:28:04,529 --> 01:28:05,864 It's fine. 1373 01:28:11,912 --> 01:28:13,330 I'm curious. 1374 01:28:15,332 --> 01:28:16,791 What do you think of Ernst Janning? 1375 01:28:19,419 --> 01:28:20,837 Mrs. Bertholt, I... 1376 01:28:20,879 --> 01:28:24,883 I really am not at liberty to discuss the case outside of the courtroom. 1377 01:28:25,550 --> 01:28:27,302 Oh, yes, of course. 1378 01:28:32,474 --> 01:28:33,850 I knew Ernst Janning a little. 1379 01:28:34,518 --> 01:28:37,020 We used to attend the same concerts. 1380 01:28:37,354 --> 01:28:39,439 I remember there was a reception given 1381 01:28:39,523 --> 01:28:40,941 for Wagner's daughter-in-law. 1382 01:28:41,024 --> 01:28:42,192 Hitler was there. 1383 01:28:43,026 --> 01:28:45,195 Ernst Janning was there with his wife. 1384 01:28:46,363 --> 01:28:47,739 She was very beautiful, 1385 01:28:48,573 --> 01:28:50,575 very small, very delicate. 1386 01:28:51,159 --> 01:28:52,744 She's dead now. 1387 01:28:53,870 --> 01:28:56,122 Hitler was quite taken with her. 1388 01:28:56,206 --> 01:28:58,708 He made advances towards her during the reception. 1389 01:28:59,292 --> 01:29:02,837 He used to do things like that in a burst of emotion. 1390 01:29:02,879 --> 01:29:06,049 I will never forget the way Ernst Janning cut him down. 1391 01:29:07,008 --> 01:29:09,844 I don't think anybody ever did it to him quite that way. 1392 01:29:09,886 --> 01:29:12,055 He said, "Chancellor, 1393 01:29:12,681 --> 01:29:15,850 "I do not object so much that you are so ill-mannered. 1394 01:29:16,851 --> 01:29:19,187 "I do not object to that so much. 1395 01:29:20,188 --> 01:29:22,732 "I object that you are such a bourgeois." 1396 01:29:24,109 --> 01:29:27,362 Hitler whitened, stared at Janning, and walked out. 1397 01:29:32,409 --> 01:29:34,578 Is the coffee really all right? 1398 01:29:34,619 --> 01:29:36,204 Fine, thank you. 1399 01:29:39,249 --> 01:29:40,917 Men, like Janning, 1400 01:29:41,751 --> 01:29:43,295 my husband and I, 1401 01:29:43,378 --> 01:29:45,589 we hated Hitler. I want you to know that. 1402 01:29:46,256 --> 01:29:47,841 And he hated us. 1403 01:29:48,675 --> 01:29:52,095 He hated my husband because he was a real war hero, 1404 01:29:52,137 --> 01:29:54,764 and the little corporal couldn't tolerate that. 1405 01:29:55,599 --> 01:29:58,768 And he hated him because he married into nobility 1406 01:29:58,852 --> 01:30:00,729 which was my family. 1407 01:30:01,521 --> 01:30:03,231 Hitler was in awe of the nobility, 1408 01:30:03,273 --> 01:30:04,816 but he hated it. 1409 01:30:06,693 --> 01:30:10,155 That's why it's so ironic, what happened. 1410 01:30:14,701 --> 01:30:17,078 You know what happened to my husband, don't you? 1411 01:30:17,120 --> 01:30:18,204 Yes. 1412 01:30:18,580 --> 01:30:22,167 What did he know of the crimes they cited him for? 1413 01:30:22,792 --> 01:30:25,962 He was placed on trial with the other military leaders. 1414 01:30:26,755 --> 01:30:28,298 It was part of their revenge. 1415 01:30:28,381 --> 01:30:31,176 The victors always take on the vanquished. 1416 01:30:32,636 --> 01:30:34,638 It was political murder. 1417 01:30:35,680 --> 01:30:37,807 You can see that, can't you? 1418 01:30:39,017 --> 01:30:42,270 Mrs. Bertholt, I don't know what I see. 1419 01:30:43,605 --> 01:30:45,315 I probably shouldn't be here 1420 01:30:45,357 --> 01:30:47,776 talking with you about this at all. 1421 01:30:48,818 --> 01:30:50,612 But I want to understand. 1422 01:30:50,654 --> 01:30:52,656 I do want to understand. 1423 01:30:53,782 --> 01:30:55,116 I have to. 1424 01:31:08,922 --> 01:31:11,216 Would you like some more coffee? 1425 01:31:11,883 --> 01:31:13,426 Yes, thank you. 1426 01:31:22,811 --> 01:31:23,853 Hi. 1427 01:31:24,479 --> 01:31:25,522 Hi. 1428 01:31:27,691 --> 01:31:28,775 (SIGHING) 1429 01:31:28,858 --> 01:31:30,694 We found Irene Hoffman. 1430 01:31:32,487 --> 01:31:33,655 Where? 1431 01:31:33,697 --> 01:31:35,031 Berlin. 1432 01:31:35,073 --> 01:31:36,658 Berlin, huh? 1433 01:31:36,700 --> 01:31:39,035 She got married. Her name is Wallner now. 1434 01:31:39,077 --> 01:31:41,204 That's why we had difficulty locating her. 1435 01:31:41,246 --> 01:31:42,706 When is she coming? 1436 01:31:42,747 --> 01:31:43,957 She's not coming. 1437 01:31:44,666 --> 01:31:46,543 What do you mean, she's not coming? 1438 01:31:46,626 --> 01:31:48,545 She doesn't want to come. 1439 01:31:48,586 --> 01:31:50,004 You know what it's like. 1440 01:31:50,046 --> 01:31:52,382 None of them want to testify anymore. 1441 01:31:53,341 --> 01:31:55,385 If I catch the midnight, 1442 01:31:55,468 --> 01:31:56,886 I could make it to Berlin, 1443 01:31:56,928 --> 01:31:58,722 and be back by tomorrow afternoon. 1444 01:31:58,805 --> 01:32:00,306 Tad, you haven't had any sleep... 1445 01:32:00,390 --> 01:32:02,392 It'll be worth it if I can get Hoffman. 1446 01:32:02,475 --> 01:32:05,437 Take over for me in court in the morning, will you? 1447 01:32:58,281 --> 01:32:59,491 WALLNER: Colonel, please! 1448 01:32:59,574 --> 01:33:02,535 I have told you this before, when you first came in. 1449 01:33:02,619 --> 01:33:04,329 I say it again now. 1450 01:33:04,412 --> 01:33:06,581 We are through with all this. 1451 01:33:06,623 --> 01:33:09,959 She does not have to go, you have no right to order her to go. 1452 01:33:10,001 --> 01:33:12,086 Mr. Wallner, I'm not ordering her to go. 1453 01:33:12,128 --> 01:33:14,380 I have no authority to order her to go. 1454 01:33:14,464 --> 01:33:15,924 Do you think we get a medal 1455 01:33:15,965 --> 01:33:17,967 for appearing at these trials? 1456 01:33:18,051 --> 01:33:19,302 The people do not like them. 1457 01:33:19,385 --> 01:33:20,929 They do not believe that Germans 1458 01:33:20,970 --> 01:33:22,639 should testify against other Germans. 1459 01:33:22,680 --> 01:33:25,600 Now, look, look, I... I haven't been prosecuting these cases 1460 01:33:25,642 --> 01:33:28,478 for the past two years without knowing that. 1461 01:33:36,152 --> 01:33:38,321 It is easy for you to say go. 1462 01:33:38,404 --> 01:33:40,490 After the trial you will go back to America, 1463 01:33:40,532 --> 01:33:42,742 but we must stay here and live with these people. 1464 01:33:42,826 --> 01:33:46,037 Mr. Wallner, don't you think I realize what I'm asking? 1465 01:33:46,120 --> 01:33:49,249 Then how can you come in like the gestapo, in the middle of the night... 1466 01:33:49,332 --> 01:33:53,169 Because they must not be allowed to get away with what they did. 1467 01:33:54,003 --> 01:33:57,465 You really think they won't get away with it in the end? 1468 01:34:00,510 --> 01:34:02,929 I say the hell with them, and the hell with you. 1469 01:34:03,012 --> 01:34:04,138 Hugo. 1470 01:34:15,191 --> 01:34:17,527 Emil Hahn will be there? 1471 01:34:19,028 --> 01:34:21,197 Yes. In the dock. 1472 01:34:24,367 --> 01:34:25,869 Ernst Janning? 1473 01:34:27,954 --> 01:34:29,038 Yes. 1474 01:34:39,215 --> 01:34:41,426 You saw the store downstairs. 1475 01:34:44,345 --> 01:34:48,766 It's not much, but it's a new start for us. 1476 01:34:51,561 --> 01:34:54,397 They will come if I go to Nuremberg. 1477 01:34:57,275 --> 01:35:01,404 They will come and break the windows of the store. 1478 01:35:01,487 --> 01:35:04,073 I'll place a guard in front of the store, 24 hours a day. 1479 01:35:04,157 --> 01:35:05,575 You do not have to go, Irene. 1480 01:35:05,617 --> 01:35:09,329 -He has no right to ask you to go. -You do have to go. 1481 01:35:09,412 --> 01:35:11,331 You have to go, for all those people 1482 01:35:11,414 --> 01:35:13,458 who can't get up there on the stand themselves. 1483 01:35:13,541 --> 01:35:15,209 You do not owe it to anybody, Irene! 1484 01:35:15,251 --> 01:35:18,171 -Yes, you do! -You do not owe it to anybody. 1485 01:35:19,255 --> 01:35:20,757 You owe it... 1486 01:35:21,382 --> 01:35:23,885 You owe it to one person, at least. 1487 01:35:32,602 --> 01:35:33,811 (CRIES) 1488 01:35:44,113 --> 01:35:45,615 In the night, 1489 01:35:46,324 --> 01:35:47,742 every night, 1490 01:35:49,786 --> 01:35:53,539 we've known somehow it would come to this. 1491 01:36:06,970 --> 01:36:07,095 1492 01:39:57,033 --> 01:40:00,494 RADNITZ: Dr. Geuter, do you recognize that headline? 1493 01:40:00,536 --> 01:40:01,913 GEUTER: Yes, sir. 1494 01:40:01,996 --> 01:40:04,373 Would you read it to the tribunal? 1495 01:40:04,624 --> 01:40:06,876 "Death to the race defiler." 1496 01:40:06,959 --> 01:40:08,753 In what newspaper did it appear? 1497 01:40:09,503 --> 01:40:11,839 In Julius Stretcher's <i>Der Stürmer.</i> 1498 01:40:12,298 --> 01:40:14,592 What was it in connection with? 1499 01:40:15,509 --> 01:40:17,345 The Feldenstein case. 1500 01:40:17,637 --> 01:40:19,847 What was the Feldenstein case? 1501 01:40:20,097 --> 01:40:24,518 Your Honor, defense objects to the introduction of the Feldenstein case. 1502 01:40:24,602 --> 01:40:28,439 It is a notorious case, perhaps the most notorious of the period. 1503 01:40:28,522 --> 01:40:30,441 It has overtones, 1504 01:40:31,692 --> 01:40:35,071 and appeals to emotion that would perhaps be best not raised. 1505 01:40:36,530 --> 01:40:40,368 There are no issues or overtones that may not be raised in this courtroom. 1506 01:40:40,451 --> 01:40:43,537 The tribunal is interested in everything that is relevant. 1507 01:40:43,579 --> 01:40:45,498 Objection is overruled. 1508 01:40:50,211 --> 01:40:52,421 It's all right. I'll take it. 1509 01:40:55,841 --> 01:40:57,885 May it please the tribunal? 1510 01:40:57,927 --> 01:41:00,471 -You may continue. -Thank you. 1511 01:41:09,438 --> 01:41:10,606 Now. 1512 01:41:11,315 --> 01:41:13,526 What was the Feldenstein case? 1513 01:41:14,527 --> 01:41:18,114 The case of a man accused of racial pollution. 1514 01:41:18,698 --> 01:41:22,410 Will you explain what is meant by "racial pollution"? 1515 01:41:23,577 --> 01:41:27,665 This is the, uh, charge that is referred to in the, uh, Nuremberg laws. 1516 01:41:28,749 --> 01:41:30,793 It says that any non-Aryan 1517 01:41:31,085 --> 01:41:35,131 having sexual relations with an Aryan may be punished by death. 1518 01:41:35,881 --> 01:41:39,760 When did you first become acquainted with the Feldenstein case? 1519 01:41:40,928 --> 01:41:45,224 In, uh, September 1935, I was contacted by the police. 1520 01:41:45,266 --> 01:41:48,394 They said that Mr. Feldenstein was being held 1521 01:41:48,436 --> 01:41:52,606 and, uh, that he requested that I serve as his counselor. 1522 01:41:53,065 --> 01:41:55,276 What position did he hold in the community? 1523 01:41:55,443 --> 01:41:58,279 He was a very well-known merchant. 1524 01:41:58,321 --> 01:42:02,450 He was one of the heads of the Jewish congregation in Nuremberg. 1525 01:42:02,992 --> 01:42:06,329 What was the nature of the charge against him? 1526 01:42:07,288 --> 01:42:10,499 He was accused of having intimate relations 1527 01:42:11,167 --> 01:42:14,628 with a 16-year-old girl, Irene Hoffman. 1528 01:42:15,629 --> 01:42:17,131 LAWSON: I see. 1529 01:42:18,341 --> 01:42:20,051 (INAUDIBLE) 1530 01:42:20,134 --> 01:42:22,178 And, uh, what did he say to you about the case? 1531 01:42:22,386 --> 01:42:24,263 He said it was false. 1532 01:42:24,305 --> 01:42:27,350 He said he knew the girl and her family a long time. 1533 01:42:27,433 --> 01:42:29,894 He'd gone to visit her since they died. 1534 01:42:29,977 --> 01:42:33,647 But there had never been anything of the kind charged between them. 1535 01:42:35,816 --> 01:42:40,529 Now, Doctor, would you please tell the tribunal what happened then? 1536 01:42:41,947 --> 01:42:45,826 He was indicted before the special court at Nuremberg. 1537 01:42:45,868 --> 01:42:48,079 And where was this special court? 1538 01:42:48,496 --> 01:42:50,915 It was right here, this building. 1539 01:42:51,499 --> 01:42:52,958 This very courtroom. 1540 01:42:53,417 --> 01:42:54,794 Dr. Geuter, 1541 01:42:56,212 --> 01:42:58,839 what were the circumstances surrounding the trial? 1542 01:43:01,092 --> 01:43:05,888 It was used as a show place for national socialism. 1543 01:43:07,390 --> 01:43:11,102 It was the time of the September celebrations, 1544 01:43:11,185 --> 01:43:13,020 the Nuremberg rallies. 1545 01:43:14,063 --> 01:43:16,107 The courtroom was crowded. 1546 01:43:16,857 --> 01:43:19,402 Back there, people were standing up. 1547 01:43:20,903 --> 01:43:24,365 Julius Stretcher was sitting in one of the front seats. 1548 01:43:25,366 --> 01:43:28,619 And high officials of the Nazi Party were all over. 1549 01:43:29,703 --> 01:43:33,624 LAWSON: Doctor, would you please tell us 1550 01:43:33,707 --> 01:43:37,336 what were your expectations for the trial in this climate? 1551 01:43:37,962 --> 01:43:39,713 I expected the worst 1552 01:43:40,548 --> 01:43:45,553 when I saw that Emil Hahn was the public prosecutor. 1553 01:43:46,554 --> 01:43:48,222 He was a fanatic. 1554 01:43:48,722 --> 01:43:52,226 His trials were always marked by extreme brutality. 1555 01:43:56,522 --> 01:44:01,318 But I had one hope for the outcome, 1556 01:44:03,946 --> 01:44:08,993 because sitting on the judge's bench was Ernst Janning. 1557 01:44:10,661 --> 01:44:14,790 His reputation was known throughout Germany. 1558 01:44:14,874 --> 01:44:19,378 He was known to have dedicated his life to justice. 1559 01:44:20,045 --> 01:44:22,089 To the concept of justice. 1560 01:44:25,634 --> 01:44:27,928 LAWSON: Thank you. That's all. 1561 01:44:30,598 --> 01:44:32,099 Any questions? 1562 01:44:33,601 --> 01:44:35,102 Thank you. No questions. 1563 01:44:36,437 --> 01:44:38,772 HAYWOOD: The witness is excused. 1564 01:44:39,899 --> 01:44:45,112 The prosecution calls to the stand Irene Hoffman Wallner. 1565 01:45:09,553 --> 01:45:11,847 Will you raise your right hand? 1566 01:45:12,389 --> 01:45:14,183 I swear by God, the Almighty and Omniscient, 1567 01:45:14,266 --> 01:45:17,645 that I will speak the pure truth, and will withhold and add nothing. 1568 01:45:17,686 --> 01:45:18,812 I do. 1569 01:45:23,651 --> 01:45:26,779 Will you please, uh, state your name to the tribunal? 1570 01:45:29,865 --> 01:45:32,201 Irene Hoffman Wallner. 1571 01:45:32,618 --> 01:45:34,078 Mrs. Wallner, 1572 01:45:35,371 --> 01:45:37,998 did you know Lehman Feldenstein? 1573 01:45:38,874 --> 01:45:40,125 Yes. 1574 01:45:40,167 --> 01:45:42,336 When did you first meet him? 1575 01:45:43,003 --> 01:45:46,257 It was 1925 or 1926. 1576 01:45:47,508 --> 01:45:49,301 I am not sure exactly. 1577 01:45:50,010 --> 01:45:51,637 How old was he at this time? 1578 01:45:52,096 --> 01:45:53,764 He was in his 50s. 1579 01:45:54,431 --> 01:45:57,351 And how old was he at the time of his arrest? 1580 01:45:59,478 --> 01:46:03,315 -He was 65. -I see. 1581 01:46:04,692 --> 01:46:07,278 What was the nature of your relationship? 1582 01:46:09,321 --> 01:46:10,906 We were friends. 1583 01:46:12,157 --> 01:46:15,494 Did you continue to see him after your parents died? 1584 01:46:15,536 --> 01:46:17,705 -Yes. -Why? 1585 01:46:19,206 --> 01:46:21,917 We were friends. He... 1586 01:46:22,710 --> 01:46:25,588 He owned the building that I lived in. 1587 01:46:26,422 --> 01:46:29,383 His business took him there quite often. 1588 01:46:30,551 --> 01:46:33,429 Now what did you say to the police 1589 01:46:34,221 --> 01:46:38,851 when they, uh, questioned you about having intimate relations with him? 1590 01:46:40,269 --> 01:46:43,188 I told them it was a lie. 1591 01:46:43,897 --> 01:46:46,400 Could you tell me who the public prosecutor was? 1592 01:46:50,571 --> 01:46:51,905 Emil Hahn. 1593 01:46:53,240 --> 01:46:55,743 LAWSON: Did Emil Hahn question you? 1594 01:46:56,577 --> 01:46:57,661 Yes. 1595 01:46:58,078 --> 01:46:59,997 What did he say to you? 1596 01:47:01,957 --> 01:47:05,919 He took me into a separate room, 1597 01:47:07,129 --> 01:47:08,922 where we were alone. 1598 01:47:10,049 --> 01:47:15,596 He told me that it was no use to repeat my story 1599 01:47:16,597 --> 01:47:18,932 because no one would believe me. 1600 01:47:20,768 --> 01:47:23,187 There had been a race defilement 1601 01:47:24,188 --> 01:47:29,109 and the only pardon for this was to kill the violator. 1602 01:47:30,778 --> 01:47:35,949 He... He told me that if I protected 1603 01:47:36,784 --> 01:47:38,369 Mr. Feldenstein, 1604 01:47:39,036 --> 01:47:43,123 that I would be held under arrest for perjury. 1605 01:47:44,083 --> 01:47:46,627 LAWSON: What did you reply to him? 1606 01:47:46,710 --> 01:47:51,215 I... I told him what I had said again and again. 1607 01:47:51,507 --> 01:47:55,678 I told him that I could not say anything else. 1608 01:47:55,761 --> 01:48:00,224 I could not lie about someone who had been so kind to me. 1609 01:48:00,974 --> 01:48:03,102 Were you held under arrest? 1610 01:48:04,395 --> 01:48:05,646 Yes. 1611 01:48:06,980 --> 01:48:08,982 Now, Mrs. Wallner, tell us 1612 01:48:10,275 --> 01:48:13,612 what was the... the manner 1613 01:48:14,446 --> 01:48:17,032 in which Emil Hahn conducted the prosecution? 1614 01:48:18,575 --> 01:48:23,455 He... He made a mockery 1615 01:48:24,123 --> 01:48:28,836 of everything Mr. Feldenstein tried to say in his own defense. 1616 01:48:30,003 --> 01:48:35,259 He held him up to ridicule whenever possible. 1617 01:48:36,009 --> 01:48:38,679 What was the reaction of the audience? 1618 01:48:39,638 --> 01:48:41,098 They laughed. 1619 01:48:41,724 --> 01:48:43,934 Again and again. 1620 01:48:45,394 --> 01:48:47,521 How long did the trial last? 1621 01:48:50,357 --> 01:48:51,650 Mrs. Wallner, 1622 01:48:53,694 --> 01:48:55,821 how long did the trial last? 1623 01:48:58,031 --> 01:48:59,116 Two days. 1624 01:48:59,199 --> 01:49:02,536 Was the verdict passed at the end of the second day? 1625 01:49:03,120 --> 01:49:04,246 Yes. 1626 01:49:04,538 --> 01:49:07,750 -What was the verdict? -Guilty. 1627 01:49:08,292 --> 01:49:10,335 And what was the sentence? 1628 01:49:12,504 --> 01:49:14,965 Mr. Feldenstein was sentenced 1629 01:49:16,341 --> 01:49:17,885 to be executed. 1630 01:49:19,219 --> 01:49:23,265 I was sentenced to be imprisoned for two years, for perjury. 1631 01:49:26,393 --> 01:49:29,813 Who was the presiding judge? 1632 01:49:31,482 --> 01:49:32,983 Ernst Janning. 1633 01:49:34,693 --> 01:49:37,029 Were the sentences carried out? 1634 01:49:39,114 --> 01:49:40,449 Mmm. 1635 01:49:43,076 --> 01:49:46,580 Thank you very much, Mrs. Wallner. That's all. 1636 01:49:52,127 --> 01:49:53,420 Any questions? 1637 01:50:06,266 --> 01:50:09,895 Your Honor, I would like to request that the witness 1638 01:50:09,937 --> 01:50:11,605 be kept available. 1639 01:50:12,773 --> 01:50:16,109 We will present further evidence on the Feldenstein matter 1640 01:50:16,193 --> 01:50:19,530 when it comes time for the defense to present its case. 1641 01:50:22,533 --> 01:50:25,786 The witness will please hold herself so available. 1642 01:50:27,246 --> 01:50:29,289 You may go. You're excused now. 1643 01:50:51,812 --> 01:50:53,605 HAYWOOD: Colonel Lawson? 1644 01:50:58,485 --> 01:50:59,987 LAWSON: Your Honors, 1645 01:51:00,362 --> 01:51:03,657 I offer in evidence a decree signed by Adolf Hitler 1646 01:51:04,241 --> 01:51:08,078 directing that all persons accused or suspected of disloyalty 1647 01:51:08,370 --> 01:51:12,666 or resistance of any sort, might be arrested secretly 1648 01:51:12,749 --> 01:51:17,087 with no notice to friends or relatives, without any trial whatsoever, 1649 01:51:17,170 --> 01:51:19,548 and put into concentration camps. 1650 01:51:20,173 --> 01:51:24,386 I also offer a group of orders issued under that decree, 1651 01:51:25,178 --> 01:51:27,973 each one signed by one of the defendants, 1652 01:51:28,974 --> 01:51:33,645 by which hundreds of persons were arrested and placed in concentration camps. 1653 01:51:34,021 --> 01:51:36,356 Signed by Friedrich Hoffstetter, 1654 01:51:37,733 --> 01:51:39,318 Werner Lammpe, 1655 01:51:40,861 --> 01:51:42,195 Emil Hahn, 1656 01:51:43,780 --> 01:51:45,282 Ernst Janning. 1657 01:51:47,951 --> 01:51:49,369 Your Honors, 1658 01:51:50,579 --> 01:51:53,498 the defendants on trial here today 1659 01:51:53,540 --> 01:51:57,044 did not personally administer the concentration camps. 1660 01:51:58,253 --> 01:52:00,464 They never had to beat victims 1661 01:52:01,381 --> 01:52:04,718 or pull the lever that released gas into the chambers. 1662 01:52:06,303 --> 01:52:10,307 But as the documents we've introduced into this case have shown, 1663 01:52:11,183 --> 01:52:14,561 these defendants fashioned and executed laws, 1664 01:52:15,395 --> 01:52:17,397 and rendered judgments 1665 01:52:19,524 --> 01:52:22,945 which sent millions of victims to their... 1666 01:52:23,028 --> 01:52:24,529 Destinations. 1667 01:52:24,821 --> 01:52:26,281 Major Radnitz? 1668 01:52:28,367 --> 01:52:32,955 Your Honors, I would like to request that Colonel Lawson be sworn in as a witness. 1669 01:52:33,163 --> 01:52:35,415 -Granted. -Thank you. 1670 01:52:41,254 --> 01:52:42,923 Will you raise your right hand? 1671 01:52:42,965 --> 01:52:44,925 I swear by God, the Almighty and Omniscient, 1672 01:52:44,967 --> 01:52:47,803 that I will speak the pure truth and withhold and add nothing. 1673 01:52:47,886 --> 01:52:48,971 I do. 1674 01:52:52,182 --> 01:52:56,687 Were you active in the United States Army in 1945 at the close of the war? 1675 01:52:56,770 --> 01:52:58,397 Yes, I was. 1676 01:52:58,438 --> 01:53:02,275 Were you in command of troops liberating concentration camps? 1677 01:53:02,442 --> 01:53:03,610 I was. 1678 01:53:04,111 --> 01:53:07,864 -Were you in Dachau and Belsen? -Yes. 1679 01:53:08,448 --> 01:53:11,284 Were you present when the films we are about to see were taken? 1680 01:53:11,535 --> 01:53:12,953 Yes, I was. 1681 01:53:40,939 --> 01:53:42,315 Okay. 1682 01:53:42,649 --> 01:53:44,484 (PROJECTOR WHIRRING) 1683 01:53:50,657 --> 01:53:55,746 The map shows the number of and location of concentration camps 1684 01:53:56,830 --> 01:53:58,707 under the Third Reich. 1685 01:54:00,667 --> 01:54:05,797 The Buchenwald concentration camp was founded in 1933. 1686 01:54:07,716 --> 01:54:10,302 Its inmates numbered about 80,000. 1687 01:54:13,180 --> 01:54:15,515 There was a motto at Buchenwald: 1688 01:54:16,099 --> 01:54:17,684 "Break the body, 1689 01:54:20,479 --> 01:54:22,147 "break the spirit, 1690 01:54:25,192 --> 01:54:26,818 "break the heart." 1691 01:54:29,154 --> 01:54:31,615 The ovens at Buchenwald. 1692 01:54:32,866 --> 01:54:36,578 Evidence of last-minute efforts to dispose of bodies. 1693 01:54:38,371 --> 01:54:42,209 The stoves were manufactured by a well-known company 1694 01:54:43,085 --> 01:54:46,713 which also specialized in baking ovens. 1695 01:54:47,964 --> 01:54:50,842 The name of the firm is clearly inscribed. 1696 01:54:51,384 --> 01:54:54,554 An exhibit of by-products of Buchenwald 1697 01:54:55,931 --> 01:54:59,518 displayed for the local townspeople by an allied officer. 1698 01:55:01,561 --> 01:55:03,814 Brushes of every description. 1699 01:55:04,189 --> 01:55:07,567 Shoes, adults and children. 1700 01:55:08,735 --> 01:55:10,070 Spectacles. 1701 01:55:11,404 --> 01:55:13,240 Gold from teeth melted down, 1702 01:55:13,323 --> 01:55:15,951 sent once a month to the medical department 1703 01:55:16,034 --> 01:55:18,036 of the Waffen-S.S. 1704 01:55:18,912 --> 01:55:21,957 A lampshade made from human skin. 1705 01:55:24,584 --> 01:55:26,920 Skin being used for paintings, 1706 01:55:28,672 --> 01:55:30,841 many having an obscene nature. 1707 01:55:33,260 --> 01:55:35,846 The heads of two Polish laborers 1708 01:55:36,930 --> 01:55:39,766 shrunken to one-fifth their normal size. 1709 01:55:41,143 --> 01:55:44,604 A human pelvis used as an ashtray. 1710 01:55:48,733 --> 01:55:53,989 Children who'd been tattooed to mark them for eventual extermination. 1711 01:55:57,450 --> 01:56:00,662 Sometimes mercy was shown to the children. 1712 01:56:01,788 --> 01:56:06,918 They were injected with morphia so they'd be unconscious when hanged. 1713 01:56:08,086 --> 01:56:09,421 One of the doctors described 1714 01:56:09,462 --> 01:56:12,799 how they'd then place ropes around their necks, 1715 01:56:12,841 --> 01:56:15,093 and in the doctor's own words: 1716 01:56:15,719 --> 01:56:21,308 "Like pictures, they were then hanged by hooks on the walls." 1717 01:56:25,812 --> 01:56:28,648 The bodies of those who had come in boxcars 1718 01:56:29,191 --> 01:56:31,401 without food and without air, 1719 01:56:31,985 --> 01:56:34,821 who hadn't survived the journey to Dachau. 1720 01:56:36,573 --> 01:56:39,868 Hundreds of inmates were used as human guinea pigs 1721 01:56:40,869 --> 01:56:43,163 for atrocious medical experiments. 1722 01:56:45,207 --> 01:56:50,045 A witness at one of the executions at Dachau gave the following description: 1723 01:56:52,339 --> 01:56:55,425 "inmates were made to leave their clothing on a rack. 1724 01:56:55,884 --> 01:56:58,845 "They were told they were going to take baths. 1725 01:56:59,846 --> 01:57:01,973 "Then the doors were locked. 1726 01:57:02,974 --> 01:57:05,185 "Tins of Zyklon B 1727 01:57:05,227 --> 01:57:08,563 "were released through the specially constructed apertures. 1728 01:57:10,815 --> 01:57:14,277 "You could hear the groaning and the whimpering inside. 1729 01:57:15,695 --> 01:57:17,864 "After two or three minutes, 1730 01:57:18,698 --> 01:57:20,242 "all was quiet." 1731 01:57:28,333 --> 01:57:33,004 Death transports that had arrived included 90,000 from Slovakia, 1732 01:57:36,132 --> 01:57:38,385 65,000 from Greece, 1733 01:57:39,928 --> 01:57:41,721 11,000 from France, 1734 01:57:44,808 --> 01:57:46,559 90,000 from Holland, 1735 01:57:49,896 --> 01:57:51,898 400,000 from Hungary, 1736 01:57:55,026 --> 01:57:58,488 250,000 from Poland and upper Silesia, 1737 01:58:00,740 --> 01:58:03,201 and 100,000 from Germany. 1738 01:58:07,122 --> 01:58:09,249 And this is what was filmed 1739 01:58:09,332 --> 01:58:12,794 when British troops liberated Belsen concentration camp. 1740 01:58:17,382 --> 01:58:19,175 For sanitary reasons, 1741 01:58:19,259 --> 01:58:24,222 a British bulldozer had to bury the bodies as quickly as possible. 1742 01:58:30,979 --> 01:58:32,772 Who were the bodies? 1743 01:58:34,733 --> 01:58:37,944 Members of every occupied country of Europe. 1744 01:58:39,863 --> 01:58:42,365 Two-thirds of the Jews of Europe... 1745 01:58:44,034 --> 01:58:45,535 Exterminated. 1746 01:58:46,953 --> 01:58:48,955 More than six million 1747 01:58:50,290 --> 01:58:53,960 according to reports from the Nazis' own figures. 1748 01:58:58,673 --> 01:59:00,592 But the real figure... 1749 01:59:05,597 --> 01:59:07,098 No one knows. 1750 01:59:14,439 --> 01:59:18,234 How dare they show us those films? How dare they? 1751 01:59:19,152 --> 01:59:21,905 We are not executioners. We are judges. 1752 01:59:22,947 --> 01:59:25,784 You do not think it was like that, do you? 1753 01:59:28,036 --> 01:59:33,124 There were executions, yes. But nothing like that. Nothing at all. 1754 01:59:39,798 --> 01:59:40,924 Pohl! 1755 01:59:41,883 --> 01:59:43,009 Pohl! 1756 01:59:45,804 --> 01:59:48,348 You ran those concentration camps. 1757 01:59:48,431 --> 01:59:50,058 You and Eichmann. 1758 01:59:51,184 --> 01:59:53,853 They say we killed millions of people. 1759 01:59:54,813 --> 01:59:56,523 Millions of people. 1760 01:59:56,856 --> 01:59:58,858 How could it be possible? 1761 01:59:59,859 --> 02:00:03,613 Tell them. How could it be possible? 1762 02:00:06,699 --> 02:00:08,201 It's possible. 1763 02:00:09,661 --> 02:00:10,745 How? 1764 02:00:11,788 --> 02:00:13,665 You mean, technically? 1765 02:00:15,708 --> 02:00:18,211 It all depends on your facilities. 1766 02:00:18,670 --> 02:00:22,590 Say you have two chambers that accommodate 2,000 people apiece. 1767 02:00:23,049 --> 02:00:24,551 Figure it out. 1768 02:00:25,427 --> 02:00:28,680 It's possible to get rid of 10,000 in a half-hour. 1769 02:00:30,056 --> 02:00:32,600 You don't even need guards to do it. 1770 02:00:33,059 --> 02:00:35,895 You can tell them they are going to take a shower, 1771 02:00:35,937 --> 02:00:39,232 and then instead of the water, you turn on the gas. 1772 02:00:41,067 --> 02:00:43,528 It's not the killing that is the problem. 1773 02:00:43,570 --> 02:00:45,738 It's disposing of the bodies. 1774 02:00:46,573 --> 02:00:48,283 That's the problem. 1775 02:00:56,249 --> 02:00:58,084 (SINGING IN GERMAN) 1776 02:01:38,958 --> 02:01:41,127 -I'm sorry I'm late. -That's all right. 1777 02:01:41,211 --> 02:01:44,506 I was doing some work for the rebuilding committee. 1778 02:01:46,591 --> 02:01:48,384 And I brought you some folders, 1779 02:01:48,468 --> 02:01:51,137 so we can decide what you should see next. 1780 02:01:51,221 --> 02:01:54,390 There's the Albrecht Dürer House, and the museum. 1781 02:01:54,849 --> 02:01:56,809 When do you think you could make it? 1782 02:01:56,851 --> 02:01:58,269 Oh, anytime. 1783 02:01:58,520 --> 02:02:00,313 Would you like to order now? 1784 02:02:00,355 --> 02:02:03,024 What would you like? Can I help you with the menu? 1785 02:02:03,107 --> 02:02:05,860 No. I don't think I'll have anything. Thank you. 1786 02:02:05,944 --> 02:02:08,279 A glass of Moselle for me, please. 1787 02:02:08,321 --> 02:02:09,614 The same. 1788 02:02:12,909 --> 02:02:14,577 What's the matter? 1789 02:02:15,161 --> 02:02:17,997 Nothing. I'm just not hungry, that's all. 1790 02:02:25,421 --> 02:02:27,215 You know, it's, uh... 1791 02:02:29,092 --> 02:02:32,220 The last few days have meant a great deal to me. 1792 02:02:32,554 --> 02:02:33,638 How? 1793 02:02:34,681 --> 02:02:38,726 Well, I don't think you realize what a provincial man I really am. 1794 02:02:39,269 --> 02:02:44,065 Uh, I've been abroad just exactly once before this, 1795 02:02:44,774 --> 02:02:47,485 and that was when I was a doughboy in World War I. 1796 02:02:47,527 --> 02:02:51,364 I used to pass places like this and wonder what they were like. 1797 02:02:51,447 --> 02:02:54,534 -They've meant a great deal to me, too. -How? 1798 02:02:55,076 --> 02:02:58,371 They gave me back the feeling I had of the Americans. 1799 02:02:58,413 --> 02:03:01,833 The feeling I used to have when I was in your country. 1800 02:03:01,916 --> 02:03:03,543 (PEOPLE CLAPPING) 1801 02:03:05,878 --> 02:03:09,257 -Too bad this isn't a magazine story. -Why? 1802 02:03:09,382 --> 02:03:11,884 Well, if it were a magazine story, two people like us, 1803 02:03:11,926 --> 02:03:14,012 the rapidly aging jurist... 1804 02:03:14,053 --> 02:03:15,597 Oh, no, no. 1805 02:03:15,680 --> 02:03:18,891 The rapidly aging jurist and the beautiful widow 1806 02:03:18,933 --> 02:03:23,605 would transcend their difficulties and travel places 1807 02:03:23,688 --> 02:03:25,732 either by land or by sea. 1808 02:03:25,773 --> 02:03:27,317 (PIANO PLAYING) 1809 02:03:40,413 --> 02:03:42,415 I saw Mr. Perkins today. 1810 02:03:42,749 --> 02:03:46,252 He told me they'd showed those pictures in the courtroom. 1811 02:03:46,753 --> 02:03:49,047 Colonel Lawson's favorite pictures. 1812 02:03:50,256 --> 02:03:53,134 He drags them out at any pretext, doesn't he? 1813 02:03:53,217 --> 02:03:56,095 Colonel Lawson's private chamber of horrors. 1814 02:03:59,557 --> 02:04:01,768 Is that what you think we are? 1815 02:04:02,602 --> 02:04:04,479 Do you think we knew of those things? 1816 02:04:04,979 --> 02:04:07,774 Do you think we wanted to murder women and children? 1817 02:04:10,193 --> 02:04:13,613 Do you believe that? Do you? 1818 02:04:15,531 --> 02:04:18,284 Mrs. Bertholt, I don't know what to believe. 1819 02:04:19,327 --> 02:04:21,954 Good God. We're sitting here drinking. 1820 02:04:23,122 --> 02:04:25,541 How could you think that we knew? 1821 02:04:26,000 --> 02:04:27,418 We did not know. 1822 02:04:28,461 --> 02:04:30,129 We did not know. 1823 02:04:31,214 --> 02:04:32,757 (MAN SINGING IN GERMAN) 1824 02:04:32,799 --> 02:04:35,510 As far as I can make out, no one in this country knew. 1825 02:04:39,347 --> 02:04:43,393 Mrs. Bertholt, your husband was one of the heads of the Army. 1826 02:04:43,810 --> 02:04:46,479 And he did not know. I tell you, he did not know. 1827 02:04:46,562 --> 02:04:48,231 It was Himmler. It was Goebbels. 1828 02:04:48,314 --> 02:04:51,818 The S.S. knew what happened. We did not know. 1829 02:04:52,235 --> 02:04:53,820 Listen to me. 1830 02:04:53,903 --> 02:04:56,823 There are things that happened on both sides. 1831 02:04:56,989 --> 02:04:59,867 My husband was a military man all his life. 1832 02:05:00,827 --> 02:05:04,205 He was entitled to a soldier's death. He asked for that. 1833 02:05:04,288 --> 02:05:08,501 I tried to get that for him, just that, that he would die with some honor. 1834 02:05:08,835 --> 02:05:11,129 I went from official to official. I begged for that. 1835 02:05:11,170 --> 02:05:12,839 I begged for that. 1836 02:05:13,464 --> 02:05:17,093 That he should be permitted the dignity of a firing squad. 1837 02:05:18,761 --> 02:05:20,680 You know what happened? 1838 02:05:22,140 --> 02:05:23,641 He was hanged with the others 1839 02:05:24,016 --> 02:05:27,520 and after that, I knew what it was to hate. 1840 02:05:28,563 --> 02:05:30,481 I never left the house, I never left the room. 1841 02:05:30,523 --> 02:05:32,275 I drank. 1842 02:05:32,358 --> 02:05:34,402 I hated with every fiber of my being. 1843 02:05:34,485 --> 02:05:36,946 I hated every American I had ever known. 1844 02:05:37,029 --> 02:05:38,823 (PEOPLE SINGING IN GERMAN) 1845 02:05:38,990 --> 02:05:42,702 But one can't live with hate, I know that. 1846 02:05:48,708 --> 02:05:52,795 And we have to forget, if we are to go on living. 1847 02:06:23,409 --> 02:06:25,119 (INDISTINCT CONVERSATIONS) 1848 02:06:33,169 --> 02:06:34,420 (MUTTERS) 1849 02:06:39,967 --> 02:06:41,385 (CLEARING THROAT) 1850 02:06:41,552 --> 02:06:42,929 <i>Herr</i> Rolfe? 1851 02:07:04,116 --> 02:07:06,202 May it please the tribunal? 1852 02:07:11,749 --> 02:07:14,627 Yesterday the tribunal witnessed some films. 1853 02:07:16,963 --> 02:07:18,214 They were... 1854 02:07:20,007 --> 02:07:21,592 Shocking films, 1855 02:07:22,844 --> 02:07:24,512 devastating films. 1856 02:07:26,389 --> 02:07:27,932 As a German, 1857 02:07:30,893 --> 02:07:35,106 I feel ashamed that such things could have taken place in my country. 1858 02:07:38,150 --> 02:07:41,153 There can never be a justification for them. 1859 02:07:43,114 --> 02:07:44,824 Not in generations, 1860 02:07:46,742 --> 02:07:48,411 not in centuries. 1861 02:07:51,789 --> 02:07:53,082 But... 1862 02:07:56,043 --> 02:07:59,338 I do think it was wrong, 1863 02:08:01,382 --> 02:08:02,675 indecent, 1864 02:08:04,385 --> 02:08:08,180 and terribly unfair of the prosecution 1865 02:08:09,181 --> 02:08:12,268 to show such films in this case, 1866 02:08:12,894 --> 02:08:14,395 in this court, 1867 02:08:14,854 --> 02:08:16,355 at this time, 1868 02:08:16,397 --> 02:08:18,399 against these defendants! 1869 02:08:19,233 --> 02:08:21,819 And I cannot protest too strongly 1870 02:08:22,945 --> 02:08:24,739 against such tactics. 1871 02:08:32,246 --> 02:08:35,041 What is the prosecution trying to prove? 1872 02:08:36,334 --> 02:08:38,628 Is it trying to prove that the German people as a whole 1873 02:08:38,711 --> 02:08:41,172 were responsible for these events? 1874 02:08:41,756 --> 02:08:44,383 Or that they were even aware of them? 1875 02:08:44,759 --> 02:08:46,385 Because if he is, 1876 02:08:48,721 --> 02:08:50,556 he's not stating facts, 1877 02:08:52,433 --> 02:08:54,602 and he knows he's not. 1878 02:08:57,563 --> 02:08:59,815 The secrecy of the operations, 1879 02:09:00,232 --> 02:09:02,985 the geographical location of the camps, 1880 02:09:03,069 --> 02:09:06,656 the breakdown of communications in the last days of the war 1881 02:09:06,739 --> 02:09:09,575 when the exterminations rose into the millions 1882 02:09:09,659 --> 02:09:13,788 show only too clearly that he is not telling the truth! 1883 02:09:14,246 --> 02:09:15,665 The truth is 1884 02:09:16,540 --> 02:09:20,503 that these brutalities were brought about by the few extremists. 1885 02:09:21,253 --> 02:09:22,797 The criminals. 1886 02:09:25,091 --> 02:09:27,885 Very few German knew what was going on. 1887 02:09:28,511 --> 02:09:29,804 Very few. 1888 02:09:31,555 --> 02:09:34,725 None of us knew what was happening 1889 02:09:35,768 --> 02:09:38,145 in the places shown in these films. 1890 02:09:38,771 --> 02:09:40,189 None of us. 1891 02:09:46,320 --> 02:09:50,116 But the most ironic part of it is... 1892 02:09:51,742 --> 02:09:55,746 That the prosecution showed these films against these defendants, 1893 02:09:56,414 --> 02:10:01,377 men who stayed in power for one reason only, 1894 02:10:01,460 --> 02:10:04,088 to prevent worse things from happening. 1895 02:10:06,048 --> 02:10:07,925 Who is the braver man? 1896 02:10:08,843 --> 02:10:12,555 The man who escapes, or resigns in times of peril, 1897 02:10:13,806 --> 02:10:16,142 or the man who stays on his post 1898 02:10:16,726 --> 02:10:19,437 at the risk of his own personal safety? 1899 02:10:20,479 --> 02:10:25,151 The defense will present witnesses and letters and documents 1900 02:10:25,234 --> 02:10:27,737 from religious and political refugees all over the world 1901 02:10:27,820 --> 02:10:30,990 telling how Ernst Janning saved them from execution. 1902 02:10:31,073 --> 02:10:33,534 The defense will show that many times 1903 02:10:33,617 --> 02:10:36,912 Ernst Janning was able to effect mitigation of sentences 1904 02:10:36,996 --> 02:10:41,167 when, without his influence, the results would have been much worse. 1905 02:10:42,001 --> 02:10:43,836 The defense will show 1906 02:10:44,503 --> 02:10:48,966 that Ernst Janning's personal physician was a non-Aryan, 1907 02:10:49,925 --> 02:10:51,761 a Jewish man, 1908 02:10:53,095 --> 02:10:56,307 who he kept in attendance, much to his own peril. 1909 02:10:59,602 --> 02:11:01,896 The defense presents affidavits 1910 02:11:02,897 --> 02:11:06,442 from legal authorities and famed jurists the world over 1911 02:11:06,776 --> 02:11:10,946 pleading that special considerations must be made in this case, 1912 02:11:11,363 --> 02:11:13,949 saying that the entire work of Ernst Janning 1913 02:11:14,033 --> 02:11:17,411 was inspired by one motive, and one motive only: 1914 02:11:17,495 --> 02:11:21,540 The endeavor to preserve justice and the concept of justice. 1915 02:11:24,043 --> 02:11:25,211 (SIGHS) 1916 02:11:26,879 --> 02:11:28,047 Now, 1917 02:11:29,381 --> 02:11:32,343 what has the prosecution to offer 1918 02:11:34,136 --> 02:11:35,554 against this? 1919 02:11:36,180 --> 02:11:38,182 The prosecution, in fact, 1920 02:11:39,391 --> 02:11:44,063 has presented in the case of Ernst Janning, only one tangible piece of evidence. 1921 02:11:44,480 --> 02:11:45,606 The Feldenstein case. 1922 02:11:45,689 --> 02:11:47,733 A notorious case, as the defense has said. 1923 02:11:47,817 --> 02:11:50,402 A case which never should have been reopened. 1924 02:11:50,486 --> 02:11:53,405 A case which the defense is obliged 1925 02:11:54,573 --> 02:11:56,075 to review now. 1926 02:11:57,576 --> 02:12:00,037 The defense calls Mrs. Elsa Lindnow. 1927 02:12:18,430 --> 02:12:20,683 Will you raise your right hand? 1928 02:12:21,100 --> 02:12:22,977 I swear by God, the Almighty and Omniscient, 1929 02:12:23,060 --> 02:12:26,480 that I will speak the pure truth and will withhold and add nothing. 1930 02:12:26,564 --> 02:12:27,690 I do. 1931 02:12:31,610 --> 02:12:33,404 ROLFE: Mrs. Lindnow, 1932 02:12:36,448 --> 02:12:38,325 what is your occupation? 1933 02:12:38,659 --> 02:12:40,619 I am a cleaning woman. 1934 02:12:41,412 --> 02:12:43,038 Where are you employed? 1935 02:12:44,373 --> 02:12:48,878 400... 345, Grosse Platz. 1936 02:12:49,503 --> 02:12:52,798 -Did you know Lehman Feldenstein? -Yes. I knew him. 1937 02:12:52,840 --> 02:12:54,842 In what capacity? 1938 02:12:54,925 --> 02:12:58,345 He was my employer in 1935. 1939 02:12:58,888 --> 02:13:00,973 Do you know the witness, Mrs. Irene Hoffman Wallner? 1940 02:13:01,515 --> 02:13:02,683 Yes. 1941 02:13:02,766 --> 02:13:04,393 In what capacity? 1942 02:13:05,227 --> 02:13:07,354 She was a tenant in the building. 1943 02:13:07,605 --> 02:13:10,149 Did you ever see Miss Hoffman and Mr. Feldenstein together? 1944 02:13:12,109 --> 02:13:13,694 Yes. 1945 02:13:13,777 --> 02:13:15,529 How did this happen? 1946 02:13:15,654 --> 02:13:20,826 Mr. Feldenstein came to see Miss Hoffman at her apartment. 1947 02:13:21,493 --> 02:13:22,661 Often? 1948 02:13:23,537 --> 02:13:24,705 Quite often. 1949 02:13:24,997 --> 02:13:27,875 Were there any occasions in which you noticed anything unusual? 1950 02:13:28,834 --> 02:13:30,336 Yes. 1951 02:13:31,045 --> 02:13:36,842 I saw Miss Hoffman kissing Mr. Feldenstein at the door of her apartment. 1952 02:13:37,676 --> 02:13:39,929 Was there any other occasion? 1953 02:13:40,012 --> 02:13:42,181 Yes, there was one. 1954 02:13:42,681 --> 02:13:44,183 What was it? 1955 02:13:44,266 --> 02:13:46,852 I came to Miss Hoffman's apartment. 1956 02:13:46,894 --> 02:13:48,854 Uh, I wanted to clean up. 1957 02:13:49,813 --> 02:13:51,690 I thought it was empty. 1958 02:13:53,150 --> 02:13:58,906 Uh, I saw Miss Hoffman sitting on Mr. Feldenstein's lap. 1959 02:13:59,531 --> 02:14:02,034 Thank you, Mrs. Lindnow. That's all. 1960 02:14:04,328 --> 02:14:05,704 Colonel Lawson? 1961 02:14:11,794 --> 02:14:13,254 Earphones, please. 1962 02:14:17,216 --> 02:14:21,679 Mrs. Lindnow, what are your political affiliations? 1963 02:14:24,056 --> 02:14:27,351 -Political? -Objection, Your Honor. 1964 02:14:29,561 --> 02:14:33,565 This witness' political affiliations have nothing to do with the testimony. 1965 02:14:33,649 --> 02:14:36,860 Colonel Lawson is once more trying to appeal to the emotion of the court. 1966 02:14:38,570 --> 02:14:39,947 Objection overruled. 1967 02:14:40,906 --> 02:14:42,574 Now would you answer the question, please? 1968 02:14:43,409 --> 02:14:46,578 Were you a member of the National Socialist Party? 1969 02:14:47,413 --> 02:14:50,165 Yes, I was. 1970 02:14:51,834 --> 02:14:53,627 We were forced to be. 1971 02:14:54,003 --> 02:14:55,921 "We were forced to be." 1972 02:14:57,298 --> 02:15:00,092 Now when did you become a member of the Nazi Party? 1973 02:15:02,386 --> 02:15:05,514 1933. 1974 02:15:05,973 --> 02:15:07,599 Were all German nationals forced 1975 02:15:07,683 --> 02:15:11,061 to become members of the Nazi Party in 1933? 1976 02:15:13,772 --> 02:15:15,899 LAWSON: Please answer me, Mrs. Lindnow. 1977 02:15:16,442 --> 02:15:19,820 Were you forced to become a member of the Nazi Party? 1978 02:15:24,116 --> 02:15:25,492 That's all. 1979 02:15:27,244 --> 02:15:28,620 Witness is excused. 1980 02:15:45,304 --> 02:15:47,556 HAYWOOD: Defense may continue. 1981 02:15:54,980 --> 02:15:59,068 The defense calls Irene Hoffman Wallner to the stand. 1982 02:16:15,459 --> 02:16:17,336 HAYWOOD: Mrs. Wallner, 1983 02:16:19,671 --> 02:16:21,340 you are still under oath. 1984 02:16:23,884 --> 02:16:26,845 Mrs. Wallner, did you come here voluntarily? 1985 02:16:27,638 --> 02:16:30,641 Did you report voluntarily to speak as a witness? 1986 02:16:30,682 --> 02:16:31,809 Yes. 1987 02:16:34,144 --> 02:16:37,648 Is it not true that the prosecution asked you to come here? 1988 02:16:38,315 --> 02:16:41,610 That it was very disagreeable for you to come here? 1989 02:16:42,111 --> 02:16:46,031 It is always very disagreeable to live over those times. 1990 02:16:47,866 --> 02:16:49,618 That would be in agreement 1991 02:16:49,701 --> 02:16:52,371 with the information I have that you did not want to come. 1992 02:16:52,413 --> 02:16:54,373 Thank you, Mrs. Wallner. 1993 02:16:54,832 --> 02:16:56,291 Mrs. Wallner, 1994 02:16:59,461 --> 02:17:03,590 the Nuremberg laws were stated September 15, 1935. 1995 02:17:04,550 --> 02:17:07,219 -Where were you at that time? -In Nuremberg. 1996 02:17:07,386 --> 02:17:09,012 Did you know these laws? 1997 02:17:09,054 --> 02:17:12,099 Were you aware that a physical relationship with Jews 1998 02:17:12,391 --> 02:17:14,226 was against the law? 1999 02:17:14,685 --> 02:17:15,769 Yes. 2000 02:17:16,103 --> 02:17:20,190 Were you aware that in Nuremberg, and in Nuremberg in particular, 2001 02:17:21,066 --> 02:17:24,319 not only a physical relationship with Jews was viewed with disdain, 2002 02:17:24,403 --> 02:17:25,904 but every social contact? 2003 02:17:26,071 --> 02:17:27,239 Yes. 2004 02:17:27,865 --> 02:17:31,910 Were you aware that it might have some danger for you personally? 2005 02:17:31,952 --> 02:17:33,871 Yes, I was aware of it. 2006 02:17:34,163 --> 02:17:38,375 But how can you discard a friendship from day to day because of some... 2007 02:17:38,417 --> 02:17:41,336 That is another question, Mrs. Wallner. 2008 02:17:42,504 --> 02:17:44,047 I did not ask you that question. 2009 02:17:44,506 --> 02:17:47,759 -Were you aware of it? -Yes, I was aware. 2010 02:17:48,427 --> 02:17:51,597 -Yet you still continued to see each other? -Yes. 2011 02:17:54,183 --> 02:17:55,934 Remember, it was brought out at the tribunal 2012 02:17:55,976 --> 02:17:57,728 that Mr. Feldenstein bought you things. 2013 02:17:57,769 --> 02:18:00,606 -Candy and cigarettes? -Yes. 2014 02:18:00,689 --> 02:18:03,692 Remember that sometimes he bought you flowers? 2015 02:18:04,026 --> 02:18:06,278 Yes, he bought me many things. 2016 02:18:07,112 --> 02:18:09,156 That was because he was kind. 2017 02:18:10,157 --> 02:18:13,285 He was the kindest man I ever knew. 2018 02:18:16,121 --> 02:18:18,499 Do you know the witness, Mrs. Elsa Lindnow? 2019 02:18:19,291 --> 02:18:20,876 Yes, I know her. 2020 02:18:20,959 --> 02:18:23,045 Was she a cleaning woman at the apartment you lived in? 2021 02:18:23,128 --> 02:18:24,129 Yes. 2022 02:18:24,171 --> 02:18:26,340 Did Mr. Feldenstein come to see you at your apartment? 2023 02:18:26,798 --> 02:18:27,841 Yes. 2024 02:18:27,925 --> 02:18:29,468 How many times? 2025 02:18:31,470 --> 02:18:34,306 I don't, uh, remember. 2026 02:18:34,598 --> 02:18:37,351 -Several times? -Yes. 2027 02:18:37,434 --> 02:18:39,978 -Many times? -Many times. 2028 02:18:40,145 --> 02:18:42,773 -Did you kiss him? -Yes, I kissed him. 2029 02:18:42,981 --> 02:18:44,358 Was there more than one kiss? 2030 02:18:46,151 --> 02:18:47,236 Yes. 2031 02:18:48,695 --> 02:18:52,324 But it was not in the way you are trying to make it sound. 2032 02:18:53,742 --> 02:18:56,453 He was like a father to me. 2033 02:18:57,412 --> 02:18:58,914 He was more than a father. 2034 02:18:58,997 --> 02:19:00,415 More than a father? 2035 02:19:00,999 --> 02:19:03,335 -Did you sit on his lap? -Objection! 2036 02:19:03,418 --> 02:19:07,005 Counsel is persecuting the witness in the pretext of gaining testimony. 2037 02:19:08,674 --> 02:19:09,967 Objection overruled. 2038 02:19:10,008 --> 02:19:12,302 The defense is being permitted to reenact 2039 02:19:12,344 --> 02:19:15,180 what was a travesty of justice in the first place. 2040 02:19:15,347 --> 02:19:20,727 Colonel Lawson, the tribunal makes the rulings in this case, not the prosecution. 2041 02:19:20,811 --> 02:19:22,062 You may proceed. 2042 02:19:22,145 --> 02:19:25,148 -Did you sit on his lap? -Yes. 2043 02:19:25,899 --> 02:19:30,487 But there was nothing wrong or ugly about it. 2044 02:19:30,696 --> 02:19:33,240 Did you sit on his lap? 2045 02:19:33,740 --> 02:19:35,033 Yes, but... 2046 02:19:35,075 --> 02:19:37,703 You sat on his lap. What else did you do? 2047 02:19:39,705 --> 02:19:42,249 There was nothing that you are trying to say. 2048 02:19:42,332 --> 02:19:43,834 There was nothing like that. 2049 02:19:43,875 --> 02:19:45,711 What else did you do, Mrs. Wallner? 2050 02:19:47,504 --> 02:19:50,173 What are you trying to do? 2051 02:19:51,258 --> 02:19:53,218 Are you trying to... 2052 02:19:54,011 --> 02:19:55,596 (SOBBING) 2053 02:19:55,721 --> 02:20:00,100 (STAMMERING) Why do you not let me speak the truth? 2054 02:20:00,183 --> 02:20:02,102 That's what we want, Mrs. Wallner. 2055 02:20:02,185 --> 02:20:03,937 The truth, the truth. 2056 02:20:04,229 --> 02:20:06,356 You admitted that you continued to see him. 2057 02:20:06,732 --> 02:20:08,942 You admitted that he came to your apartment. 2058 02:20:09,026 --> 02:20:10,569 You admitted you kissed him. 2059 02:20:10,611 --> 02:20:12,696 You admitted you sat on his lap. 2060 02:20:12,738 --> 02:20:15,198 What else do you admit to? What else? 2061 02:20:15,240 --> 02:20:16,491 Nothing. 2062 02:20:18,285 --> 02:20:20,454 There was nothing like you're trying to make it sound. 2063 02:20:20,537 --> 02:20:21,955 What else? 2064 02:20:22,039 --> 02:20:24,750 There was nothing. Nothing. 2065 02:20:25,626 --> 02:20:26,918 Stop it. 2066 02:20:26,960 --> 02:20:28,754 (BANGING TABLE) -Stop it! 2067 02:20:28,962 --> 02:20:31,173 What else do you admit to. Mrs. Wallner? What else? 2068 02:20:31,256 --> 02:20:32,591 <i>Herr</i> Rolfe! 2069 02:20:37,638 --> 02:20:39,640 Are we going to do this again? 2070 02:20:40,974 --> 02:20:42,768 (AUDIENCE MURMURING) 2071 02:20:45,270 --> 02:20:46,605 Your Honor, 2072 02:20:48,065 --> 02:20:51,526 the stress the defendant has been under is so great that he is not aware... 2073 02:20:51,610 --> 02:20:52,986 I am aware. 2074 02:20:53,820 --> 02:20:55,113 I am aware. 2075 02:20:55,572 --> 02:20:57,824 Your Honor, the defendant wishes to make a statement. 2076 02:20:57,908 --> 02:20:59,618 Your Honor, I believe the defense has a right to request... 2077 02:20:59,701 --> 02:21:02,829 (GAVEL POUNDING) -Order. Order. Order! 2078 02:21:06,958 --> 02:21:08,919 Does the defendant wish to make a statement? 2079 02:21:09,961 --> 02:21:13,173 I wish to make a statement, yes. 2080 02:21:14,466 --> 02:21:17,386 Your Honor, I believe the defense has the right to request a recess... 2081 02:21:17,469 --> 02:21:19,971 Your Honor, the defendant has the right to make his statement now. 2082 02:21:20,013 --> 02:21:21,264 I have to speak with my client. 2083 02:21:21,348 --> 02:21:24,101 LAWSON: He has the right to make it now! 2084 02:21:27,062 --> 02:21:28,313 (CRYING) 2085 02:21:35,487 --> 02:21:38,490 Tribunal is adjourned until 10:30 tomorrow morning. 2086 02:21:39,157 --> 02:21:40,992 (PEOPLE SPEAKING INDISTINCTLY) 2087 02:21:43,286 --> 02:21:45,330 ROLFE: What are you doing? 2088 02:21:46,081 --> 02:21:48,709 What do you think you're trying to do? 2089 02:21:49,459 --> 02:21:52,337 They've had Goering. Frank. Stretcher. 2090 02:21:52,838 --> 02:21:54,256 That's over. 2091 02:21:55,132 --> 02:21:59,302 Do you think I have enjoyed being defense counsel during this trial? 2092 02:21:59,761 --> 02:22:03,682 There were things I had to do in that courtroom that made me cringe. 2093 02:22:04,099 --> 02:22:06,017 Why did I do them? 2094 02:22:06,101 --> 02:22:09,146 Because I want to leave the German people something. 2095 02:22:09,187 --> 02:22:11,606 I want to leave them a shred of dignity. 2096 02:22:11,690 --> 02:22:14,609 I want to call a halt to these proceedings. 2097 02:22:14,693 --> 02:22:17,863 If we allow them to discredit every German like you, 2098 02:22:17,946 --> 02:22:20,866 we lose the right to rule ourselves forever. 2099 02:22:22,242 --> 02:22:25,704 We have to look at the future. We can't look back now. 2100 02:22:26,037 --> 02:22:28,874 Do you want the Americans to stay here forever? Do you want that? 2101 02:22:29,207 --> 02:22:32,586 I could show you a picture of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. 2102 02:22:32,878 --> 02:22:35,505 Thousands and thousands of burned bodies. 2103 02:22:35,547 --> 02:22:37,299 Women and children. 2104 02:22:38,675 --> 02:22:41,011 Is that their superior morality? 2105 02:22:42,137 --> 02:22:44,181 Where do you think they take us? Do you think they know? 2106 02:22:44,222 --> 02:22:47,517 Do you think they have any concept of our problems? 2107 02:22:53,023 --> 02:22:54,900 What can I say to you? 2108 02:22:56,485 --> 02:22:59,446 What can I say to you to make you see? 2109 02:23:06,077 --> 02:23:09,080 There is nothing you can say. 2110 02:23:10,749 --> 02:23:12,042 Nothing. 2111 02:23:12,417 --> 02:23:15,420 MALE ANNOUNCER: <i>Nothing has happened to alleviate the crisis.</i> 2112 02:23:15,462 --> 02:23:17,255 <i>The crisis reached a head this afternoon</i> 2113 02:23:17,297 --> 02:23:21,343 <i>when all rail travel between western zones and Berlin was stopped.</i> 2114 02:23:21,426 --> 02:23:24,012 <i>The blockade by land is now complete.</i> 2115 02:23:31,186 --> 02:23:33,188 What do you think we're going to do, General? 2116 02:23:33,271 --> 02:23:36,858 -Do you think we'll withdraw? -We can't withdraw. 2117 02:23:36,942 --> 02:23:38,151 If we withdraw under pressure, 2118 02:23:38,235 --> 02:23:40,403 our prestige all over the world is threatened. 2119 02:23:40,445 --> 02:23:42,030 The communists will move in on every front. 2120 02:23:42,823 --> 02:23:44,699 ENGLISH JOURNALIST: What about these trials, General? 2121 02:23:44,783 --> 02:23:46,993 How do you feel about them now? 2122 02:23:48,370 --> 02:23:50,747 We're committed to the trials. 2123 02:23:50,789 --> 02:23:54,835 But I think it would be realistic to accelerate them as much as possible. 2124 02:23:54,918 --> 02:23:58,296 FEMALE JOURNALIST: What would happen if they fired on one of our planes, General? 2125 02:23:58,338 --> 02:24:00,257 I'm afraid we'll have to face that when it happens. 2126 02:24:00,298 --> 02:24:03,134 There is no other answer to that question at this time. 2127 02:24:06,847 --> 02:24:08,974 You fellows should try some of the strudel. It's excellent here. 2128 02:24:09,057 --> 02:24:10,475 No, thanks. 2129 02:24:11,601 --> 02:24:15,230 Dan, I've just come back from Berlin, as you know. 2130 02:24:15,438 --> 02:24:17,065 I don't think this is going to be it. 2131 02:24:17,148 --> 02:24:19,442 A lot of people do, but I don't. 2132 02:24:20,360 --> 02:24:25,448 But it is going to be a fight for survival for the next 10 years, maybe the next 20. 2133 02:24:26,658 --> 02:24:28,577 Germany is the key to that survival. 2134 02:24:28,660 --> 02:24:32,122 Any high-school student in geography can tell you that. 2135 02:24:33,748 --> 02:24:36,459 Just what are you trying to say, Senator? 2136 02:24:36,501 --> 02:24:39,004 What I'm trying to say is this: 2137 02:24:39,045 --> 02:24:42,299 While nobody's trying to influence your decision, 2138 02:24:42,507 --> 02:24:46,511 it's important that you realize this, because it's a fact of life. 2139 02:24:46,845 --> 02:24:48,680 Let's face it, gentlemen. 2140 02:24:48,722 --> 02:24:50,932 The handwriting is on the wall. 2141 02:24:51,308 --> 02:24:53,852 We're going to need all the help we can get. 2142 02:24:53,935 --> 02:24:57,230 We're going to need the support of the German people. 2143 02:24:58,857 --> 02:25:00,817 More strudel, gentlemen? 2144 02:25:04,613 --> 02:25:06,823 <i>Herr</i> Janning, you may proceed. 2145 02:25:12,829 --> 02:25:16,875 I wish to testify about the Feldenstein case 2146 02:25:17,918 --> 02:25:21,504 because it was the most significant trial of the period. 2147 02:25:23,214 --> 02:25:27,218 It is important not only for the tribunal to understand it, 2148 02:25:28,678 --> 02:25:30,931 but for the whole German people. 2149 02:25:32,057 --> 02:25:34,267 But in order to understand it, 2150 02:25:34,893 --> 02:25:38,229 one must understand the period in which it happened. 2151 02:25:40,649 --> 02:25:42,943 There was a fever over the land. 2152 02:25:43,401 --> 02:25:47,822 A fever of disgrace, of indignity, of hunger. 2153 02:25:49,115 --> 02:25:51,076 We had a democracy, yes. 2154 02:25:51,910 --> 02:25:54,371 But it was torn by elements within. 2155 02:25:55,413 --> 02:25:58,416 Above all, there was fear: 2156 02:25:59,376 --> 02:26:02,337 Fear of today, fear of tomorrow, 2157 02:26:03,129 --> 02:26:08,051 fear of our neighbors, and fear of ourselves. 2158 02:26:09,511 --> 02:26:12,097 Only when you understand that, 2159 02:26:12,138 --> 02:26:15,100 can you understand what Hitler meant to us. 2160 02:26:15,600 --> 02:26:17,435 Because he said to us: 2161 02:26:19,145 --> 02:26:20,772 "Lift your heads. 2162 02:26:20,814 --> 02:26:22,732 "Be proud to be German. 2163 02:26:23,400 --> 02:26:25,110 "There are devils among us: 2164 02:26:25,151 --> 02:26:28,613 "Communists, liberals, Jews, gypsies. 2165 02:26:28,697 --> 02:26:32,951 "Once these devils will be destroyed, your misery will be destroyed." 2166 02:26:35,120 --> 02:26:39,958 It was the old, old story of the sacrificial Iamb. 2167 02:26:44,129 --> 02:26:46,464 What about those of us who knew better? 2168 02:26:46,965 --> 02:26:50,343 We who knew the words were lies, and worse than lies? 2169 02:26:51,052 --> 02:26:53,013 Why did we sit silent? 2170 02:26:53,096 --> 02:26:54,889 Why did we take part? 2171 02:26:56,766 --> 02:26:58,977 Because we loved our country. 2172 02:27:00,311 --> 02:27:01,938 What difference does it make 2173 02:27:01,980 --> 02:27:05,108 if a few political extremists lose their rights? 2174 02:27:05,650 --> 02:27:10,155 What difference does it make if a few racial minorities lose their rights? 2175 02:27:10,321 --> 02:27:12,407 It is only a passing phase. 2176 02:27:12,657 --> 02:27:15,118 It is only a stage we are going through. 2177 02:27:15,160 --> 02:27:17,579 It will be discarded sooner or later. 2178 02:27:17,662 --> 02:27:21,416 Hitler himself will be discarded sooner or later. 2179 02:27:22,000 --> 02:27:23,626 The country is in danger. 2180 02:27:23,668 --> 02:27:26,796 We will march out of the shadows. We will go forward. 2181 02:27:26,838 --> 02:27:29,090 Forward is the great password. 2182 02:27:32,969 --> 02:27:37,599 And history tells how well we succeeded, Your Honor. 2183 02:27:39,017 --> 02:27:41,728 We succeeded beyond our wildest dreams. 2184 02:27:42,562 --> 02:27:46,024 The very elements of hate and power about Hitler 2185 02:27:46,107 --> 02:27:49,527 that mesmerized Germany mesmerized the world. 2186 02:27:50,487 --> 02:27:53,573 We found ourselves with sudden, powerful allies. 2187 02:27:54,032 --> 02:27:57,368 Things that had been denied to us as a democracy 2188 02:27:57,410 --> 02:27:59,204 were open to us now. 2189 02:27:59,704 --> 02:28:02,332 The world said, "Go ahead, take it. 2190 02:28:02,999 --> 02:28:04,250 "Take it. 2191 02:28:04,542 --> 02:28:08,379 "Take Sudetenland, take the Rhineland, remilitarize it. 2192 02:28:08,463 --> 02:28:10,757 "Take all of Austria. Take it." 2193 02:28:14,177 --> 02:28:17,514 And then, one day, we looked around 2194 02:28:17,931 --> 02:28:21,434 and found that we were in an even more terrible danger. 2195 02:28:21,726 --> 02:28:24,229 The ritual began in this courtroom, 2196 02:28:24,270 --> 02:28:27,565 swept over the land like a raging, roaring disease. 2197 02:28:29,109 --> 02:28:32,278 What was going to be a passing phase 2198 02:28:34,239 --> 02:28:36,366 had become the way of life. 2199 02:28:41,913 --> 02:28:43,289 Your Honor, 2200 02:28:45,416 --> 02:28:50,004 I was content to sit silent during this trial. 2201 02:28:51,881 --> 02:28:55,510 I was content to tend my roses. 2202 02:28:57,387 --> 02:28:59,055 I was even content 2203 02:29:00,431 --> 02:29:02,934 to let counsel try to save my name. 2204 02:29:04,769 --> 02:29:06,312 Until I realized 2205 02:29:07,689 --> 02:29:12,318 that in order to save it, he would have to raise the specter again. 2206 02:29:16,030 --> 02:29:17,949 You have seen him do it. 2207 02:29:18,283 --> 02:29:20,910 He has done it here in this courtroom. 2208 02:29:21,327 --> 02:29:26,124 He has suggested that the Third Reich worked for the benefit of people. 2209 02:29:26,249 --> 02:29:31,129 He has suggested that we sterilized men for the welfare of the country. 2210 02:29:31,880 --> 02:29:33,464 He has suggested that perhaps 2211 02:29:33,506 --> 02:29:37,385 the old Jew did sleep with the 16-year-old girl, after all. 2212 02:29:39,012 --> 02:29:42,515 Once more, it is being done 2213 02:29:43,850 --> 02:29:45,935 for love of country. 2214 02:29:48,646 --> 02:29:52,483 It is not easy to tell the truth. 2215 02:29:54,402 --> 02:29:57,488 But if there is to be any salvation for Germany, 2216 02:29:58,656 --> 02:30:02,285 we who know our guilt must admit it, 2217 02:30:02,660 --> 02:30:04,495 whatever the pain 2218 02:30:06,331 --> 02:30:07,916 and humiliation. 2219 02:30:13,254 --> 02:30:15,381 I had reached my verdict 2220 02:30:16,424 --> 02:30:18,301 on the Feldenstein case 2221 02:30:18,968 --> 02:30:21,596 before I ever came into the courtroom. 2222 02:30:21,846 --> 02:30:24,349 I would have found him guilty, whatever the evidence. 2223 02:30:24,432 --> 02:30:28,269 It was not a trial at all. It was a sacrificial ritual 2224 02:30:28,353 --> 02:30:31,314 in which Feldenstein, the Jew, was the helpless victim. 2225 02:30:31,522 --> 02:30:33,775 Your Honor, I must interrupt. 2226 02:30:34,275 --> 02:30:35,985 The defendant is not aware of what he is saying. 2227 02:30:36,319 --> 02:30:38,196 He is not aware of the implications... 2228 02:30:38,279 --> 02:30:41,032 I am aware. I am aware. 2229 02:30:42,867 --> 02:30:45,453 My counsel would have you believe 2230 02:30:45,536 --> 02:30:48,498 we were not aware of the concentration camps. 2231 02:30:49,624 --> 02:30:51,000 Not aware. 2232 02:30:52,585 --> 02:30:54,087 Where were we? 2233 02:30:54,379 --> 02:30:58,299 Where were we when Hitler began shrieking his hate in the Reichstag? 2234 02:30:58,383 --> 02:31:00,385 Where were we when our neighbors were being dragged out 2235 02:31:00,426 --> 02:31:02,804 in the middle of the night to Dachau? 2236 02:31:02,887 --> 02:31:06,224 Where were we when every village in Germany has a railroad terminal 2237 02:31:06,307 --> 02:31:11,396 where cattle cars were filled with children being carried off to their extermination? 2238 02:31:11,980 --> 02:31:15,024 Where were we when they cried out in the night to us? 2239 02:31:15,066 --> 02:31:18,736 Were we deaf? Dumb? Blind? 2240 02:31:18,778 --> 02:31:20,405 Your Honor, I must protest. 2241 02:31:20,822 --> 02:31:25,410 My counsel says we were not aware of the extermination of the millions. 2242 02:31:26,327 --> 02:31:28,454 He would give you the excuse 2243 02:31:28,788 --> 02:31:33,001 we were only aware of the extermination of the hundreds. 2244 02:31:34,460 --> 02:31:37,422 Does that make us any the less guilty? 2245 02:31:39,090 --> 02:31:41,509 Maybe we didn't know the details. 2246 02:31:41,801 --> 02:31:46,431 But if we didn't know, it was because we didn't want to know. 2247 02:31:46,472 --> 02:31:48,516 Traitor! Traitor! 2248 02:31:48,599 --> 02:31:52,186 Order. Order! Order! 2249 02:31:52,270 --> 02:31:53,271 (PEOPLE MURMURING) 2250 02:31:53,354 --> 02:31:56,524 Put that man back in his seat and keep him there. 2251 02:32:00,778 --> 02:32:03,239 I am going to tell them the truth. 2252 02:32:04,324 --> 02:32:06,492 I am going to tell them the truth, 2253 02:32:06,576 --> 02:32:09,287 if the whole world conspires against it. 2254 02:32:09,954 --> 02:32:12,248 I am going to tell them the truth 2255 02:32:12,915 --> 02:32:15,209 about their ministry of justice. 2256 02:32:17,253 --> 02:32:21,132 Werner Lammpe, an old man who cries into his Bible now. 2257 02:32:22,967 --> 02:32:25,970 An old man who profited by the property expropriation 2258 02:32:26,012 --> 02:32:28,931 of every man he sent to a concentration camp. 2259 02:32:29,807 --> 02:32:31,184 Friedrich Hoffstetter, 2260 02:32:32,226 --> 02:32:35,021 the good German who knew how to take orders, 2261 02:32:35,563 --> 02:32:39,817 who sent men before him to be sterilized like so many digits. 2262 02:32:42,653 --> 02:32:43,988 Emil Hahn, 2263 02:32:45,448 --> 02:32:47,992 the decayed, corrupt bigot, 2264 02:32:48,576 --> 02:32:51,162 obsessed by the evil within himself. 2265 02:32:56,834 --> 02:32:58,503 And Ernst Janning, 2266 02:33:00,838 --> 02:33:02,715 worse than any of them 2267 02:33:04,050 --> 02:33:06,386 because he knew what they were, 2268 02:33:07,220 --> 02:33:09,347 and he went along with them. 2269 02:33:12,517 --> 02:33:14,018 Ernst Janning, 2270 02:33:15,520 --> 02:33:17,188 who made his life 2271 02:33:19,190 --> 02:33:20,483 excrement 2272 02:33:22,902 --> 02:33:25,029 because he walked with them. 2273 02:34:51,949 --> 02:34:53,326 Your Honor, 2274 02:34:55,119 --> 02:34:56,579 it is my duty 2275 02:34:58,498 --> 02:35:00,458 to defend Ernst Janning. 2276 02:35:01,125 --> 02:35:04,128 And yet, Ernst Janning has said he is guilty. 2277 02:35:05,296 --> 02:35:09,467 There is no doubt he feels his guilt. 2278 02:35:11,344 --> 02:35:15,097 He made a great error in going along with the Nazi Movement 2279 02:35:16,599 --> 02:35:19,352 hoping it would be good for his country. 2280 02:35:19,936 --> 02:35:23,523 But if he is to be found guilty, 2281 02:35:24,982 --> 02:35:29,278 there are others who also went along, 2282 02:35:30,154 --> 02:35:32,365 who also must be found guilty. 2283 02:35:34,700 --> 02:35:36,452 Ernst Janning said: 2284 02:35:36,994 --> 02:35:40,081 "We succeeded beyond our wildest dreams." 2285 02:35:42,041 --> 02:35:45,670 Why did we succeed, Your Honor? 2286 02:35:47,338 --> 02:35:49,715 What about the rest of the world? 2287 02:35:51,717 --> 02:35:54,971 Did it not know the intentions of the Third Reich? 2288 02:35:56,013 --> 02:36:00,184 Did it not hear the words of Hitler's broadcasts all over the world? 2289 02:36:00,851 --> 02:36:03,354 Did it not read his intentions in <i>Mein Kampf,</i> 2290 02:36:03,396 --> 02:36:06,023 published in every corner of the world? 2291 02:36:07,358 --> 02:36:10,736 Where is the responsibility of the Soviet Union 2292 02:36:10,820 --> 02:36:13,990 who signed in 1939 the pact with Hitler, 2293 02:36:14,865 --> 02:36:16,826 enabled him to make war? 2294 02:36:18,202 --> 02:36:20,496 Are we now to find Russia guilty? 2295 02:36:22,164 --> 02:36:24,959 Where is the responsibility of the Vatican 2296 02:36:25,668 --> 02:36:28,713 who signed in 1933 the concordat with Hitler, 2297 02:36:29,255 --> 02:36:32,091 giving him his first tremendous prestige? 2298 02:36:33,634 --> 02:36:36,220 Are we now to find the Vatican guilty? 2299 02:36:38,222 --> 02:36:41,434 Where is the responsibility of the world leader Winston Churchill, 2300 02:36:41,517 --> 02:36:44,937 who said in an open letter to the London <i>Times</i> in 1938, 2301 02:36:45,479 --> 02:36:49,400 1938, Your Honor: 2302 02:36:50,401 --> 02:36:53,696 "Were England to suffer a national disaster, I should pray to God 2303 02:36:53,738 --> 02:36:57,950 "to send a man of the strength of mind and will of an Adolf Hitler." 2304 02:36:58,242 --> 02:37:01,162 Are we now to find Winston Churchill guilty? 2305 02:37:01,621 --> 02:37:05,041 Where is the responsibility of those American industrialists 2306 02:37:05,082 --> 02:37:07,627 who helped Hitler to rebuild his armaments, 2307 02:37:07,710 --> 02:37:10,171 and profited by that rebuilding? 2308 02:37:11,505 --> 02:37:14,258 Are we now to find the American industrialists guilty? 2309 02:37:14,342 --> 02:37:16,802 No, Your Honor. No. 2310 02:37:18,304 --> 02:37:20,306 Germany alone is not guilty. 2311 02:37:20,389 --> 02:37:24,060 The whole world is as responsible for Hitler as Germany. 2312 02:37:24,101 --> 02:37:26,937 It is an easy thing to condemn one man in the dock. 2313 02:37:26,979 --> 02:37:28,773 It's easy to condemn the German people, 2314 02:37:28,856 --> 02:37:31,484 to speak of the basic flaw in the German character 2315 02:37:31,567 --> 02:37:33,944 that allowed Hitler to rise to power, and at the same time, 2316 02:37:34,028 --> 02:37:36,781 comfortably ignore the basic flaw of character 2317 02:37:36,822 --> 02:37:39,950 that made the Russians sign pacts with him, Winston Churchill praise him, 2318 02:37:40,034 --> 02:37:42,703 American industrialists profit by him. 2319 02:37:46,999 --> 02:37:50,586 Ernst Janning said he is guilty. 2320 02:37:52,463 --> 02:37:53,714 If he is, 2321 02:37:54,548 --> 02:37:58,386 Ernst Janning's guilt is the world's guilt. 2322 02:38:00,388 --> 02:38:03,474 No more, no less. 2323 02:38:17,154 --> 02:38:20,282 Major, we have to give the Military Governor 2324 02:38:20,324 --> 02:38:22,576 every help that we can give him. 2325 02:38:22,660 --> 02:38:25,996 We have to get 700 tons in the air a day. 2326 02:38:26,038 --> 02:38:27,832 700 tons. 2327 02:38:33,546 --> 02:38:35,464 This is some operation. 2328 02:38:37,591 --> 02:38:41,804 Did you ever think we'd be flying coal and tomatoes in these crates? 2329 02:38:46,016 --> 02:38:49,186 Tad, you and I have been friends a long time. 2330 02:38:49,562 --> 02:38:51,814 That's why I called you here. 2331 02:38:55,109 --> 02:38:57,903 What are you going to do in court tomorrow? 2332 02:39:01,240 --> 02:39:03,743 You know damn well what I'm goin' to do. 2333 02:39:04,452 --> 02:39:05,870 I know what you want to do: 2334 02:39:05,911 --> 02:39:08,914 You'd like to recommend they put 'em behind bars and throw away the key. 2335 02:39:09,790 --> 02:39:12,209 You know what's going on here now? 2336 02:39:13,794 --> 02:39:14,879 Yeah. 2337 02:39:16,213 --> 02:39:17,882 I know what's going on. 2338 02:39:17,965 --> 02:39:20,259 Tad, you're an army man. You know what we're up against. 2339 02:39:20,342 --> 02:39:22,428 The others may not, but you do. 2340 02:39:22,511 --> 02:39:24,346 I'll tell you the truth. 2341 02:39:24,388 --> 02:39:28,851 I don't know what's going to happen if they fire on one of those planes. 2342 02:39:29,226 --> 02:39:31,812 I don't know what's going to happen. 2343 02:39:31,896 --> 02:39:35,900 But if I do know this: if Berlin goes, Germany goes. 2344 02:39:36,567 --> 02:39:39,695 If Germany goes, Europe goes. 2345 02:39:40,738 --> 02:39:42,865 That's the way things stand. 2346 02:39:44,450 --> 02:39:45,576 That's the way they stand. 2347 02:39:45,618 --> 02:39:48,913 Look, Matt, I'm goin' to go the limit. 2348 02:39:49,246 --> 02:39:50,873 And not you, not the Pentagon, 2349 02:39:50,915 --> 02:39:52,792 not God on his throne is going to make me... 2350 02:39:52,875 --> 02:39:55,336 Who do you think you're talking to? 2351 02:39:56,962 --> 02:39:59,632 Who the hell do you think you're talking to? 2352 02:40:00,049 --> 02:40:02,802 When you were marching into Dachau with those troops, I was there, too. 2353 02:40:02,885 --> 02:40:05,095 You think I'll ever forget it? 2354 02:40:06,680 --> 02:40:08,557 Look, I'm not your commanding officer. 2355 02:40:08,599 --> 02:40:10,768 I can't influence your decision, and I don't want to. 2356 02:40:11,101 --> 02:40:15,439 But I want to give this to you, and I want to give it to you straight. 2357 02:40:15,648 --> 02:40:18,317 We need the help of the German people. 2358 02:40:20,653 --> 02:40:22,905 And you don't get the help of the German people 2359 02:40:22,947 --> 02:40:26,408 by sentencing their leaders to stiff prison sentences. 2360 02:40:38,087 --> 02:40:39,296 Tad... 2361 02:40:40,214 --> 02:40:42,800 The thing to do is survive, isn't it? 2362 02:40:43,467 --> 02:40:47,346 Survive as best we can, but survive. 2363 02:40:57,314 --> 02:40:59,149 Just for laughs, Matt, 2364 02:41:00,693 --> 02:41:02,820 what was the war all about? 2365 02:41:04,780 --> 02:41:06,365 What was it about? 2366 02:41:12,997 --> 02:41:16,417 And that concludes presentation of documentary evidence 2367 02:41:17,376 --> 02:41:19,378 against these defendants. 2368 02:41:28,554 --> 02:41:29,889 Your Honors, 2369 02:41:31,682 --> 02:41:35,811 during the three years that have passed since the end of the war in Europe, 2370 02:41:36,770 --> 02:41:40,024 mankind has not crossed over into Jordan. 2371 02:41:41,859 --> 02:41:45,029 In our own country, fear of war has been revived. 2372 02:41:45,654 --> 02:41:49,366 And we must look once more to our defenses. 2373 02:41:50,284 --> 02:41:54,288 There's talk of cold war, while men and women die in real wars. 2374 02:41:56,165 --> 02:41:58,667 And the echoes of persecution 2375 02:41:59,752 --> 02:42:01,253 and atrocities 2376 02:42:02,588 --> 02:42:04,340 will not be stilled. 2377 02:42:06,800 --> 02:42:10,888 These events cannot help but color what happens in this courtroom. 2378 02:42:13,390 --> 02:42:16,560 But somewhere in the midst of these events, 2379 02:42:18,062 --> 02:42:22,942 the responsibility for the crimes that we brought forward during this trial 2380 02:42:24,860 --> 02:42:28,405 must be placed in true perspective. 2381 02:42:29,657 --> 02:42:33,410 And this is the decision that faces Your Honors. 2382 02:42:35,746 --> 02:42:37,957 It is the dilemma of our times. 2383 02:42:41,001 --> 02:42:42,711 It is a dilemma that... 2384 02:42:45,756 --> 02:42:47,758 That rests with you. 2385 02:42:53,514 --> 02:42:55,391 The prosecution rests. 2386 02:43:17,037 --> 02:43:20,332 The defendants may now make their final statements. 2387 02:43:25,504 --> 02:43:28,465 Defendant Emil Hahn may address the tribunal. 2388 02:43:34,555 --> 02:43:35,931 Your Honors, 2389 02:43:36,598 --> 02:43:39,768 I do not evade the responsibility for my actions. 2390 02:43:40,728 --> 02:43:45,107 On the contrary, I stand by them before the entire world. 2391 02:43:46,400 --> 02:43:49,611 But I will not follow the policy of others. 2392 02:43:51,030 --> 02:43:53,490 I will not say of our policy today that it was wrong 2393 02:43:53,532 --> 02:43:55,909 when yesterday I say it was right. 2394 02:43:57,161 --> 02:43:59,955 Germany was fighting for its life. 2395 02:43:59,997 --> 02:44:03,000 Certain measures were needed to protect it from its enemies. 2396 02:44:03,083 --> 02:44:06,295 I cannot say that I am sorry we applied those measures. 2397 02:44:06,837 --> 02:44:09,465 We were a bulwark against Bolshevism. 2398 02:44:10,007 --> 02:44:12,593 We were a pillar of Western culture. 2399 02:44:14,053 --> 02:44:17,514 A bulwark and a pillar the West may yet wish to retain. 2400 02:44:22,853 --> 02:44:26,690 The defendant Friedrich Hoffstetter may address the tribunal. 2401 02:44:34,782 --> 02:44:37,701 I have served my country throughout my life 2402 02:44:38,786 --> 02:44:41,371 and in whatever position I was assigned to, 2403 02:44:41,455 --> 02:44:44,958 in faithfulness, with a pure heart, and without malice. 2404 02:44:47,127 --> 02:44:51,632 I followed the concept that I believed to be the highest in my profession. 2405 02:44:52,549 --> 02:44:54,718 The concept that says: 2406 02:44:54,760 --> 02:45:00,099 "To sacrifice one's own sense of justice to the authoritative legal order. 2407 02:45:01,225 --> 02:45:03,477 "To ask only what the law is 2408 02:45:04,853 --> 02:45:07,731 "and not to ask whether or not it is also justice." 2409 02:45:08,774 --> 02:45:11,735 As a judge, I could do no other. 2410 02:45:12,736 --> 02:45:15,239 I believe Your Honors will find me, 2411 02:45:15,614 --> 02:45:17,282 and millions of Germans like me 2412 02:45:17,366 --> 02:45:20,285 who believed they were doing their duty to their country, 2413 02:45:20,744 --> 02:45:23,497 to be not guilty. 2414 02:45:26,750 --> 02:45:28,627 (CLEARING THROAT) 2415 02:45:28,710 --> 02:45:31,964 The defendant Werner Lammpe may address the tribunal. 2416 02:45:40,097 --> 02:45:41,598 Your Honors... 2417 02:45:53,402 --> 02:45:54,903 Your Honors... 2418 02:46:13,797 --> 02:46:17,009 The defendant Ernst Janning may address the tribunal. 2419 02:46:27,352 --> 02:46:30,522 I have nothing to add to what I have said. 2420 02:46:41,491 --> 02:46:43,577 The testimony has been received in the case. 2421 02:46:43,660 --> 02:46:45,120 Final arguments have been heard. 2422 02:46:45,162 --> 02:46:49,917 There remains nothing now but the task of the tribunal to render its decision. 2423 02:46:51,084 --> 02:46:54,379 The tribunal will recess until further notification. 2424 02:47:16,360 --> 02:47:18,904 Now, I've collected several precedents and arguments here 2425 02:47:18,987 --> 02:47:21,073 that have a bearing on the basis of the case, 2426 02:47:21,156 --> 02:47:25,369 which is, of course, the conflict between allegiance to international law 2427 02:47:25,452 --> 02:47:28,038 and to the laws of one's own country. 2428 02:47:28,580 --> 02:47:32,459 Dan, we have a mountain of material to go over here. 2429 02:47:33,210 --> 02:47:34,962 What are you looking at, Dan? 2430 02:47:35,045 --> 02:47:36,797 Hmm? Oh, I was... 2431 02:47:36,880 --> 02:47:41,301 I was, uh, looking at some of these pictures attached to the warrants for arrest. 2432 02:47:41,385 --> 02:47:42,886 What pictures? 2433 02:47:43,220 --> 02:47:47,599 Well, there's Petersen, before they operated on him. 2434 02:47:48,517 --> 02:47:50,644 And here's Irene Hoffman. 2435 02:47:50,727 --> 02:47:53,230 She really was 16 once, wasn't she? 2436 02:47:54,982 --> 02:47:56,525 Feldenstein. 2437 02:47:58,902 --> 02:48:01,071 And here's the situation of a boy, 2438 02:48:01,154 --> 02:48:03,991 certainly couldn't have been more than 14. 2439 02:48:04,241 --> 02:48:07,411 Executed for saying things against the Third Reich. 2440 02:48:07,494 --> 02:48:10,455 "By order of justice Friedrich Hoffstetter." 2441 02:48:11,415 --> 02:48:15,836 If I may say so, more pertinent to the legal basis of the case, 2442 02:48:15,919 --> 02:48:18,255 I have the opening address of the French prosecutor 2443 02:48:18,380 --> 02:48:21,049 before the International Military Tribunal. 2444 02:48:21,091 --> 02:48:24,678 "It is obvious that in the state organized along modern lines 2445 02:48:24,761 --> 02:48:29,349 "responsibility is confined to those who act directly for the State. 2446 02:48:29,433 --> 02:48:33,353 "Since they alone are in a position to judge the legitimacy of the given orders, 2447 02:48:33,437 --> 02:48:35,605 "they alone can be prosecuted." 2448 02:48:35,647 --> 02:48:39,651 I have another from Professor Jahrreiss' legal aspects, 2449 02:48:40,152 --> 02:48:42,321 <i>trial of the major war criminals.</i> 2450 02:48:42,404 --> 02:48:46,783 On the basis of these, I don't see where the prosecution has put forth 2451 02:48:46,867 --> 02:48:51,455 a really clear-cut case against the defense pertaining to the charges in the indictment. 2452 02:48:51,538 --> 02:48:53,290 Regardless of the acts committed, 2453 02:48:53,373 --> 02:48:56,793 we cannot make the interpretation that these defendants 2454 02:48:56,877 --> 02:49:00,130 are really responsible for crimes against humanity. 2455 02:49:03,091 --> 02:49:04,426 What do you think, Dan? 2456 02:49:04,468 --> 02:49:06,803 Dan, we've been going over these points all day. 2457 02:49:06,845 --> 02:49:08,805 If it isn't clear now... 2458 02:49:10,474 --> 02:49:13,477 Aren't you going to look at these precedents? 2459 02:49:13,560 --> 02:49:15,771 Aren't you interested at all? 2460 02:49:18,106 --> 02:49:20,317 Yes, I'm interested, Curtiss. 2461 02:49:21,318 --> 02:49:23,570 You were speaking of crimes against humanity 2462 02:49:23,653 --> 02:49:26,656 saying that the defendants were not responsible for their acts. 2463 02:49:26,740 --> 02:49:29,284 I'd like you to explain that to me. 2464 02:49:29,910 --> 02:49:31,661 I've just been explaining it. 2465 02:49:31,745 --> 02:49:33,080 Well, maybe. 2466 02:49:33,163 --> 02:49:37,667 But all I've heard is a lot of legalistic double-talk and rationalization. 2467 02:49:38,627 --> 02:49:42,172 You know, Curtiss, when I first became a judge, 2468 02:49:42,255 --> 02:49:46,009 I... I knew there were certain people in town I wasn't supposed to touch. 2469 02:49:46,051 --> 02:49:50,180 I knew that if I was to remain a judge, this was so. 2470 02:49:51,223 --> 02:49:54,518 But how in God's name do you expect me to look the other way 2471 02:49:54,601 --> 02:49:56,019 at the murder of six million people? 2472 02:49:56,103 --> 02:49:57,479 Oh, I'm sure he didn't mean that. 2473 02:49:57,521 --> 02:49:59,940 I'm not asking you to look the other way at them. 2474 02:50:00,023 --> 02:50:04,069 I'm asking you, what good is it going to do to pursue this policy? 2475 02:50:06,863 --> 02:50:11,576 Curtiss, you were saying that the men are not responsible for their acts. 2476 02:50:11,660 --> 02:50:13,787 You're going to have to explain that to me. 2477 02:50:13,870 --> 02:50:16,706 You're going to have to explain it very carefully. 2478 02:50:24,673 --> 02:50:26,550 The tribunal is now in session. 2479 02:50:26,591 --> 02:50:30,762 God bless the United States of America and this honorable tribunal. 2480 02:50:51,700 --> 02:50:55,078 The trial conducted before this tribunal began over eight months ago. 2481 02:50:55,162 --> 02:50:59,416 The record of evidence is more than 10,000 pages long 2482 02:50:59,499 --> 02:51:02,794 and final arguments of counsel have been concluded. 2483 02:51:05,755 --> 02:51:09,843 Simple murders and atrocities do not constitute 2484 02:51:09,926 --> 02:51:12,971 the gravamen of the charges in this indictment. 2485 02:51:13,680 --> 02:51:17,017 Rather, the charge is that of conscious participation 2486 02:51:19,102 --> 02:51:22,814 in a nationwide, government-organized system 2487 02:51:22,898 --> 02:51:24,858 of cruelty and injustice 2488 02:51:25,692 --> 02:51:29,029 in violation of every moral and legal principle 2489 02:51:29,112 --> 02:51:31,406 known to all civilized nations. 2490 02:51:33,325 --> 02:51:37,787 The tribunal has carefully studied the record 2491 02:51:37,829 --> 02:51:39,706 and found therein 2492 02:51:39,789 --> 02:51:45,253 abundant evidence to support beyond a reasonable doubt 2493 02:51:46,546 --> 02:51:49,090 the charges against these defendants. 2494 02:51:50,383 --> 02:51:52,135 (PEOPLE MURMURING) 2495 02:52:00,519 --> 02:52:01,853 <i>Herr</i> Rolfe 2496 02:52:02,854 --> 02:52:05,440 in his very skillful defense 2497 02:52:06,066 --> 02:52:09,819 has asserted that there are others 2498 02:52:10,987 --> 02:52:14,199 who must share the ultimate responsibility 2499 02:52:14,282 --> 02:52:16,576 for what happened here in Germany. 2500 02:52:16,660 --> 02:52:18,495 There is truth in this. 2501 02:52:19,955 --> 02:52:25,669 The real complaining party at the bar in this courtroom is civilization. 2502 02:52:27,754 --> 02:52:29,714 But the tribunal does say 2503 02:52:30,590 --> 02:52:34,844 that the men in the dock are responsible for their actions. 2504 02:52:37,764 --> 02:52:40,642 Men who sat in black robes 2505 02:52:42,852 --> 02:52:45,689 in judgment on other men. 2506 02:52:48,066 --> 02:52:49,693 Men who took part 2507 02:52:51,278 --> 02:52:54,906 in the enactment of laws and decrees, 2508 02:52:57,576 --> 02:53:01,246 the purpose of which was the extermination of human beings. 2509 02:53:01,705 --> 02:53:04,499 Men who, in executive positions, 2510 02:53:05,166 --> 02:53:09,713 actively participated in the enforcement of these laws, 2511 02:53:10,338 --> 02:53:13,633 illegal even under German law. 2512 02:53:19,973 --> 02:53:21,433 The principle 2513 02:53:22,267 --> 02:53:28,106 of criminal law in every civilized society has this in common: 2514 02:53:30,775 --> 02:53:35,655 Any person who sways another to commit murder, 2515 02:53:37,449 --> 02:53:39,743 any person who furnishes 2516 02:53:40,744 --> 02:53:44,080 the lethal weapon for the purpose of the crime, 2517 02:53:45,332 --> 02:53:48,918 any person who is an accessory to the crime 2518 02:53:50,754 --> 02:53:52,088 is guilty. 2519 02:53:56,968 --> 02:53:58,303 <i>Herr</i> Rolfe 2520 02:54:00,096 --> 02:54:03,266 further asserts that the defendant Janning 2521 02:54:05,226 --> 02:54:07,479 was an extraordinary jurist 2522 02:54:07,562 --> 02:54:10,899 and acted in what he thought was the best interest of his country. 2523 02:54:10,940 --> 02:54:13,109 There is truth in this also. 2524 02:54:15,153 --> 02:54:16,905 Janning, to be sure, 2525 02:54:18,448 --> 02:54:19,699 is a tragic figure. 2526 02:54:20,408 --> 02:54:23,119 We believe he loathed the evil he did. 2527 02:54:24,245 --> 02:54:27,415 But compassion for the present torture of his soul 2528 02:54:27,624 --> 02:54:29,876 must not beget forgetfulness 2529 02:54:29,959 --> 02:54:34,923 of the torture and the death of millions by the government of which he was a part. 2530 02:54:36,675 --> 02:54:38,593 Janning's record and his fate 2531 02:54:38,635 --> 02:54:43,014 illuminate the most shattering truth that has emerged from this trial. 2532 02:54:43,098 --> 02:54:47,977 If he and all of the other defendants had been degraded perverts, 2533 02:54:48,561 --> 02:54:50,814 if all of the leaders of the Third Reich 2534 02:54:50,855 --> 02:54:54,109 had been sadistic monsters and maniacs, 2535 02:54:55,068 --> 02:54:59,280 then these events would have no more moral significance 2536 02:54:59,322 --> 02:55:02,867 than an earthquake, or any other natural catastrophe. 2537 02:55:02,951 --> 02:55:04,911 But this trial has shown 2538 02:55:05,995 --> 02:55:08,164 that under a national crisis, 2539 02:55:09,332 --> 02:55:12,585 ordinary, even able and extraordinary men 2540 02:55:14,170 --> 02:55:17,507 can delude themselves into the commission of crimes 2541 02:55:18,425 --> 02:55:21,594 so vast and heinous that they beggar the imagination. 2542 02:55:21,678 --> 02:55:24,723 No one who has sat through the trial can ever forget them. 2543 02:55:26,307 --> 02:55:29,227 Men sterilized because of political belief. 2544 02:55:30,019 --> 02:55:32,856 A mockery made of friendship and faith. 2545 02:55:33,523 --> 02:55:35,442 The murder of children. 2546 02:55:36,818 --> 02:55:38,820 How easily it can happen. 2547 02:55:40,780 --> 02:55:43,032 There are those in our own country, too, 2548 02:55:43,074 --> 02:55:47,328 who today speak of the protection of country, of survival. 2549 02:55:47,704 --> 02:55:51,249 A decision must be made in the life of every nation 2550 02:55:51,332 --> 02:55:55,253 at the very moment when the grasp of the enemy is at its throat. 2551 02:55:55,336 --> 02:55:59,466 Then it seems that the only way to survive is to use the means of the enemy, 2552 02:55:59,549 --> 02:56:03,428 to rest survival upon what is expedient, to look the other way. 2553 02:56:05,597 --> 02:56:08,016 Well, then, the answer to that is: 2554 02:56:09,225 --> 02:56:10,852 survival as what? 2555 02:56:11,728 --> 02:56:13,605 A country isn't a rock. 2556 02:56:14,189 --> 02:56:16,691 It's not an extension of one's self. 2557 02:56:17,025 --> 02:56:18,943 It's what it stands for. 2558 02:56:19,235 --> 02:56:23,406 It's what it stands for when standing for something is the most difficult. 2559 02:56:27,619 --> 02:56:29,871 Before the people of the world 2560 02:56:30,747 --> 02:56:32,457 let it now be noted 2561 02:56:34,083 --> 02:56:37,462 that here in our decision, this is what we stand for: 2562 02:56:38,755 --> 02:56:39,964 Justice, 2563 02:56:40,757 --> 02:56:41,925 truth, 2564 02:56:44,344 --> 02:56:46,930 and the value of a single human being. 2565 02:56:58,316 --> 02:57:01,611 The marshal will produce before the tribunal the defendant Hahn. 2566 02:57:04,864 --> 02:57:06,157 Emil Hahn, 2567 02:57:06,741 --> 02:57:08,701 the tribunal finds you guilty 2568 02:57:09,035 --> 02:57:11,579 and sentences you to life imprisonment. 2569 02:57:11,621 --> 02:57:15,291 Today you sentence me. Tomorrow the Bolsheviks sentence you. 2570 02:57:16,835 --> 02:57:18,503 (PEOPLE MURMURING) 2571 02:57:22,131 --> 02:57:25,969 The marshal will produce the defendant Hoffstetter before the tribunal. 2572 02:57:29,889 --> 02:57:31,975 Friedrich Hoffstetter, 2573 02:57:32,016 --> 02:57:36,145 the tribunal finds you guilty and sentences you to life imprisonment. 2574 02:57:37,981 --> 02:57:39,649 (PEOPLE MURMURING) 2575 02:57:41,109 --> 02:57:45,613 The marshal will produce the defendant Lammpe before the tribunal. 2576 02:57:51,286 --> 02:57:52,829 Werner Lammpe, 2577 02:57:54,622 --> 02:57:56,207 the tribunal finds you guilty 2578 02:57:57,333 --> 02:58:00,128 and sentences you to life imprisonment. 2579 02:58:03,423 --> 02:58:05,174 (PEOPLE MURMURING) 2580 02:58:05,425 --> 02:58:07,385 (GAVEL POUNDING) 2581 02:58:10,179 --> 02:58:14,684 The marshal will produce the defendant Ernst Janning before the tribunal. 2582 02:58:30,241 --> 02:58:32,035 Ernst Janning, 2583 02:58:33,703 --> 02:58:35,872 the tribunal finds you guilty 2584 02:58:36,623 --> 02:58:38,917 and sentences you to life imprisonment. 2585 02:58:43,504 --> 02:58:44,797 (PEOPLE MURMURING) 2586 02:58:44,881 --> 02:58:46,758 He doesn't understand. 2587 02:58:48,134 --> 02:58:50,511 He just doesn't understand. 2588 02:58:51,179 --> 02:58:52,847 He understands. 2589 02:58:56,768 --> 02:58:58,728 (GAVEL POUNDING) 2590 02:59:06,778 --> 02:59:08,738 Justice Ives dissenting. 2591 02:59:11,574 --> 02:59:13,701 I wish to point out strongly 2592 02:59:14,077 --> 02:59:17,330 my dissenting vote from the decision of this tribunal 2593 02:59:17,413 --> 02:59:19,457 as stated by Justice Haywood, 2594 02:59:19,540 --> 02:59:22,085 and in which Justice Norris concurred. 2595 02:59:23,419 --> 02:59:26,255 The issue of the actions of the defendants 2596 02:59:26,339 --> 02:59:30,802 who believed they were acting in the best interests of their country 2597 02:59:30,885 --> 02:59:34,430 is an issue that cannot be decided in a courtroom alone. 2598 02:59:36,349 --> 02:59:38,810 It can only be decided objectively 2599 02:59:39,519 --> 02:59:43,439 in years to come, in the true perspective of history. 2600 02:59:51,155 --> 02:59:53,658 And, uh, where shall I put these books, Your Honor? 2601 02:59:53,741 --> 02:59:56,744 -Put them in the trunk, Mr. Halbestadt. -Yeah. 2602 02:59:59,038 --> 03:00:03,459 Your Honor, here's something for you to have on the plane. 2603 03:00:03,501 --> 03:00:06,421 Oh, oh, no. If you give me any more food, Mrs. Halbestadt, 2604 03:00:06,462 --> 03:00:08,589 I... I won't have any room for anything else. 2605 03:00:08,631 --> 03:00:10,925 But it's strudel, the way you like it. 2606 03:00:10,967 --> 03:00:12,552 Thank you. Thank you for everything. 2607 03:00:12,635 --> 03:00:13,678 Yeah. 2608 03:00:14,554 --> 03:00:16,681 -I'll put it in the car for you. -Thanks. 2609 03:00:16,764 --> 03:00:18,891 Tickets, passport, immunization. All in order. 2610 03:00:18,975 --> 03:00:21,477 I'll have your baggage checks and boarding pass at the airport. 2611 03:00:21,561 --> 03:00:23,604 -Thank you. -See you there no later than 3:00. 2612 03:00:23,646 --> 03:00:24,731 Right. 2613 03:00:24,814 --> 03:00:27,692 Oh, and give my regards to Miss... What was her name? 2614 03:00:27,775 --> 03:00:29,652 Scheffler. Elsa. 2615 03:00:30,153 --> 03:00:31,612 That's one you owe me. 2616 03:00:31,654 --> 03:00:32,822 What do you mean? 2617 03:00:32,905 --> 03:00:36,451 Americans aren't very popular in Nuremberg this morning. 2618 03:00:52,800 --> 03:00:54,052 (DIALING) 2619 03:00:59,390 --> 03:01:00,933 (PHONE RINGING) 2620 03:01:12,862 --> 03:01:14,864 (PHONE CONTINUES RINGING) 2621 03:01:37,345 --> 03:01:38,721 Good afternoon, Your Honor. 2622 03:01:38,805 --> 03:01:40,306 Good afternoon. 2623 03:01:41,724 --> 03:01:46,104 I came here at the request of my client, Ernst Janning. 2624 03:01:48,106 --> 03:01:49,899 He wishes to see you. 2625 03:01:50,858 --> 03:01:53,194 I'm just leaving for the airport. 2626 03:01:54,737 --> 03:01:58,491 He says it would mean a great deal to him. 2627 03:02:04,747 --> 03:02:08,251 Have you heard about the verdict in the I.G. Farben case? 2628 03:02:08,918 --> 03:02:10,795 Most of them were acquitted. 2629 03:02:10,878 --> 03:02:13,422 The others received light sentences. 2630 03:02:13,506 --> 03:02:14,966 The verdict came in today. 2631 03:02:15,049 --> 03:02:16,759 No, I hadn't heard. 2632 03:02:17,969 --> 03:02:19,929 I will make you a wager. 2633 03:02:20,596 --> 03:02:22,348 I don't make wagers. 2634 03:02:23,266 --> 03:02:25,017 A gentleman's wager. 2635 03:02:26,352 --> 03:02:32,233 In five years, the men you sentenced to life imprisonment will be free. 2636 03:02:35,111 --> 03:02:39,448 <i>Herr</i> Rolfe, I have admired your work in the courtroom for many months. 2637 03:02:39,991 --> 03:02:42,618 You are particularly brilliant in your use of logic. 2638 03:02:42,660 --> 03:02:43,786 Thank you. 2639 03:02:43,870 --> 03:02:48,207 So what you suggest may very well happen. 2640 03:02:49,125 --> 03:02:53,462 It is logical, in view of the times in which we live. 2641 03:02:54,422 --> 03:02:57,008 But to be logical is not to be right. 2642 03:02:57,800 --> 03:03:01,137 And nothing on God's earth could ever make it right. 2643 03:03:12,106 --> 03:03:13,816 Someone to see you. 2644 03:03:24,619 --> 03:03:26,120 (DOOR CLOSING) 2645 03:03:26,287 --> 03:03:27,705 <i>Herr</i> Janning. 2646 03:03:29,832 --> 03:03:31,334 Judge Haywood. 2647 03:03:33,669 --> 03:03:35,796 Please, sit down. 2648 03:03:36,505 --> 03:03:39,342 Thank you. You wanted to see me? 2649 03:03:40,051 --> 03:03:43,387 Yes. There is something I... I want to give you. 2650 03:03:44,513 --> 03:03:45,848 A record. 2651 03:03:48,059 --> 03:03:49,852 A record of my cases. 2652 03:03:50,728 --> 03:03:52,521 The ones I remember. 2653 03:03:53,439 --> 03:03:56,609 I want to give them to someone I can trust, 2654 03:03:57,610 --> 03:04:00,655 someone I felt I got to know during the trial. 2655 03:04:07,245 --> 03:04:08,579 Thank you. 2656 03:04:11,040 --> 03:04:12,583 I'll take good care of them. 2657 03:04:14,043 --> 03:04:17,588 I know the pressures that have been brought upon you. 2658 03:04:18,881 --> 03:04:20,716 You will be criticized greatly. 2659 03:04:21,259 --> 03:04:24,011 Your decision will not be a popular one. 2660 03:04:26,722 --> 03:04:29,058 But if it means anything to you, 2661 03:04:30,101 --> 03:04:34,522 you have the respect of at least one of the men you convicted. 2662 03:04:35,731 --> 03:04:41,279 By all that is right in this world, your verdict was a just one. 2663 03:04:43,114 --> 03:04:44,448 Thank you. 2664 03:04:46,617 --> 03:04:50,079 What you said in the courtroom, it needed to be said. 2665 03:04:51,205 --> 03:04:52,707 Judge Haywood, 2666 03:04:56,335 --> 03:04:58,421 the reason I asked you to come... 2667 03:05:06,262 --> 03:05:07,763 Those people, 2668 03:05:09,265 --> 03:05:11,267 those millions of people, 2669 03:05:12,935 --> 03:05:15,354 I never knew it would come to that. 2670 03:05:16,439 --> 03:05:18,190 You must believe it. 2671 03:05:18,691 --> 03:05:20,443 You must believe it. 2672 03:05:23,821 --> 03:05:25,281 <i>Herr</i> Janning, 2673 03:05:26,782 --> 03:05:30,453 it came to that the first time you sentenced a man to death 2674 03:05:30,536 --> 03:05:32,496 you knew to be innocent. 2675 03:06:09,617 --> 03:06:11,619 (MEN SINGING IN GERMAN) 2676 03:06:17,625 --> 03:06:20,002 (MEN CONTINUE SINGING IN GERMAN) 2677 03:06:36,018 --> 03:06:38,104 (BAND PLAYING) 2678 03:06:42,358 --> 03:06:42,483 2678 03:06:43,305 --> 03:07:43,274 Watch Online Movies and Series for FREE www.osdb.link/lm