1968: A Year of War, Turmoil and Beyond

1 00:00:01,120 --> 00:00:02,880 (BORN TO BE WILD BY STEPPENWOLF PLAYS) 2 00:00:07,160 --> 00:00:10,760 1968 was one of those years, at least for me, 3 00:00:10,840 --> 00:00:13,480 that I knew was an important year when I was in it. 4 00:00:13,560 --> 00:00:16,160 # Get your motor runnin'... # 5 00:00:17,600 --> 00:00:20,040 MAN: Born To Be Wild was the '68 anthem. 6 00:00:20,120 --> 00:00:23,160 It's all about the new freedom and there's an element of danger to it. 7 00:00:23,240 --> 00:00:24,560 And it was by Steppenwolf 8 00:00:24,640 --> 00:00:26,840 and Steppenwolf was the Hermann Hesse novel 9 00:00:26,920 --> 00:00:27,920 that everyone was reading. 10 00:00:28,000 --> 00:00:29,360 MAN: It was great in those days. 11 00:00:29,440 --> 00:00:30,760 You could turn on the radio 12 00:00:30,840 --> 00:00:33,560 and just hear great music, just at the flick of a dial. 13 00:00:36,040 --> 00:00:39,880 MAN: Joining the students were the all-powerful unions. 14 00:00:39,960 --> 00:00:42,640 Changed French society there and then. 15 00:00:42,720 --> 00:00:46,520 Almost overnight. The country stopped working. 16 00:00:51,640 --> 00:00:54,280 It was this exciting moment when people said, 17 00:00:54,360 --> 00:00:57,040 "This is the America we want. This is the President we want." 18 00:01:01,000 --> 00:01:03,320 It was the year that Martin Luther King 19 00:01:03,400 --> 00:01:05,240 and Robert Kennedy were assassinated. 20 00:01:05,320 --> 00:01:08,800 We, as a people, will get to the Promised Land. 21 00:01:10,000 --> 00:01:15,360 This was a real moment where Europeans in general said, 22 00:01:15,440 --> 00:01:20,640 "Wow, this is really intense, what's happening in America." 23 00:01:22,600 --> 00:01:25,920 # Born to be wild... # 24 00:01:30,080 --> 00:01:31,720 Even when you're a young kid, 25 00:01:31,800 --> 00:01:33,480 you kind of know this is a pivotal year. 26 00:01:40,360 --> 00:01:42,360 (DAYDREAM BELIEVER BY THE MONKEES PLAYS) 27 00:01:50,440 --> 00:01:52,600 NARRATOR: The start of 1968 28 00:01:52,680 --> 00:01:55,720 brought new and unexplored worlds into people's homes 29 00:01:55,800 --> 00:01:59,320 with the debut of Jacques Cousteau's The Undersea World. 30 00:01:59,400 --> 00:02:03,800 This was a lyrical contrast to how the year would unfold. 31 00:02:03,880 --> 00:02:07,760 COUSTEAU: Today we begin one of our most important assignments, 32 00:02:07,840 --> 00:02:11,760 to trace the migrations of various shark species. 33 00:02:11,840 --> 00:02:15,960 The undersea world of Jacques Cousteau was the thing 34 00:02:16,040 --> 00:02:20,240 that introduced everyone to this incredible underwater life. 35 00:02:20,320 --> 00:02:24,680 This documentary really changed a lot of the ideas 36 00:02:24,760 --> 00:02:26,040 about documentaries 37 00:02:26,120 --> 00:02:29,440 because we could actually go underneath the water. 38 00:02:29,520 --> 00:02:31,280 It felt quite psychedelic. 39 00:02:31,360 --> 00:02:33,120 I don't think that was the intention as such, 40 00:02:33,200 --> 00:02:36,760 but it felt like it was all part of this incredible decade. 41 00:02:36,840 --> 00:02:39,280 You know, a sort of decade of discovery, I suppose. 42 00:02:39,360 --> 00:02:42,320 When they weren't under the sea, looking at fabulous fish, 43 00:02:42,400 --> 00:02:43,400 they were on the yacht 44 00:02:43,480 --> 00:02:45,360 and they were drinking wine and eating baguettes, 45 00:02:45,440 --> 00:02:48,760 and so you see the beginning of falling in love 46 00:02:48,840 --> 00:02:50,360 with French culture. 47 00:02:50,440 --> 00:02:53,480 MAN: There was an awful lot of red wine being drunk! 48 00:02:53,560 --> 00:02:57,520 And best of all, there was Jacques Cousteau's son Philippe. 49 00:02:57,600 --> 00:03:01,720 He would often be found playing an acoustic guitar 50 00:03:01,800 --> 00:03:05,760 in as Gallic a manner as you can possibly imagine. 51 00:03:06,840 --> 00:03:10,360 Really, in 1968, it was a fun time, it was an exciting time, 52 00:03:10,440 --> 00:03:12,480 but yachts really weren't that popular. 53 00:03:12,560 --> 00:03:16,640 But after this fantastic series, people wanted a yacht, 54 00:03:16,720 --> 00:03:18,720 and that's what the super rich started buying. 55 00:03:20,840 --> 00:03:23,160 New forms of subversive comedy 56 00:03:23,240 --> 00:03:26,080 were also being explored on American television. 57 00:03:27,880 --> 00:03:31,040 Hi! Big Dick here. (LAUGHTER) 58 00:03:31,120 --> 00:03:35,760 Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In, now that was a comedy sketch show. 59 00:03:35,840 --> 00:03:37,520 We never heard of these two comics. 60 00:03:37,600 --> 00:03:39,720 These guys were making jokes off of each other, 61 00:03:39,800 --> 00:03:44,280 except the notch up was Goldie Hawn. 62 00:03:44,360 --> 00:03:47,960 She was just...uh, bonkers. 63 00:03:48,040 --> 00:03:51,000 Dan Rowan, I'd like you to meet Goldie Hawn. 64 00:03:51,080 --> 00:03:54,400 No, no, no. I've met you before. You remember. 65 00:03:54,480 --> 00:03:57,160 I know. Yes. 66 00:03:57,240 --> 00:04:00,840 I felt, watching it, that the counter-culture 67 00:04:00,920 --> 00:04:05,200 had started to infect mainstream America. 68 00:04:05,280 --> 00:04:10,160 Even Richard Nixon realised the positive aspects 69 00:04:10,240 --> 00:04:11,360 of appearing on it. 70 00:04:11,440 --> 00:04:14,240 Sock it to me! Sock it to me! Sock it to me! 71 00:04:14,320 --> 00:04:15,520 Sock it to yourself! 72 00:04:17,240 --> 00:04:19,280 Sock it to me? 73 00:04:19,360 --> 00:04:22,320 Obviously, being Richard Nixon, he wasn't particularly hilarious, 74 00:04:22,400 --> 00:04:26,600 but the notion of Richard Nixon saying "Sock it to me" 75 00:04:26,680 --> 00:04:28,200 was almost unheard of. 76 00:04:29,120 --> 00:04:33,480 # Open up your eyes Then you realise... # 77 00:04:33,560 --> 00:04:36,120 NARRATOR: January of 1968 also signalled 78 00:04:36,200 --> 00:04:38,800 a turning point in the Vietnam War. 79 00:04:38,880 --> 00:04:43,000 The Tet Offensive was launched by the Vietcong 80 00:04:43,080 --> 00:04:44,600 to coincide with Tet, 81 00:04:44,680 --> 00:04:47,000 which was the Vietnamese New Year. 82 00:04:47,080 --> 00:04:50,880 I mean, this goes back for years, for centuries. 83 00:04:50,960 --> 00:04:54,120 This is the time when you have an offensive. 84 00:04:54,200 --> 00:04:56,160 The Americans had no idea. 85 00:04:57,640 --> 00:05:00,000 The idea of the Tet Offensive was to put 67,000 troops, 86 00:05:00,000 --> 00:05:03,200 The idea of the Tet Offensive was to put 67,000 troops, 87 00:05:03,280 --> 00:05:06,440 and not just go for the countryside where they were strong, 88 00:05:06,520 --> 00:05:09,840 but attack provincial capitals and major cities, 89 00:05:09,920 --> 00:05:11,680 such as Saigon. 90 00:05:11,760 --> 00:05:13,560 Now, Saigon, of course, 91 00:05:13,640 --> 00:05:17,920 was where the bulk of the American press were stationed. 92 00:05:18,000 --> 00:05:19,520 It was the first time 93 00:05:19,600 --> 00:05:23,160 that the Vietnamese War had come to the press. 94 00:05:23,240 --> 00:05:26,280 GREER: It was in our living room at 6:30, 6:00 every evening. 95 00:05:26,360 --> 00:05:30,200 We began to see that war was a complicated thing. 96 00:05:30,280 --> 00:05:34,160 We started to see that maybe we were the bad guys here. 97 00:05:34,240 --> 00:05:39,240 And, being an American, that was a weird place to be. 98 00:05:39,320 --> 00:05:40,720 The most pivotal moment 99 00:05:40,800 --> 00:05:43,800 in the American perception of the Vietnam War 100 00:05:43,880 --> 00:05:47,480 came when Walter Cronkite said on CBS, 101 00:05:47,560 --> 00:05:49,200 "We are not going to win this war." 102 00:05:49,280 --> 00:05:53,240 Walter Cronkite was so revered and trusted 103 00:05:53,320 --> 00:05:56,960 and just a sort of father figure for so many Americans. 104 00:05:57,040 --> 00:06:02,440 To hear this coming from him really rattled everything. 105 00:06:02,520 --> 00:06:05,560 Almost overnight, you see perceptions changing. 106 00:06:05,640 --> 00:06:07,880 You see people saying, "Bring our boys back home. 107 00:06:07,960 --> 00:06:09,440 "It's not going to work. 108 00:06:09,520 --> 00:06:11,600 We have to get out of these overseas wars." 109 00:06:11,680 --> 00:06:13,960 (WALK AWAY RENEE BY THE FOUR TOPS PLAYS) 110 00:06:18,880 --> 00:06:22,880 # And when I see the sign 111 00:06:22,960 --> 00:06:26,360 # That points one way 112 00:06:27,240 --> 00:06:34,600 # The lot we used to pass by every day 113 00:06:35,200 --> 00:06:38,280 # Just walk away, Renee... # 114 00:06:38,360 --> 00:06:40,440 Walk Away Renee by The Four Tops 115 00:06:40,520 --> 00:06:44,240 has got the wonderful vocal talents of Levi Stubbs, 116 00:06:44,320 --> 00:06:46,440 and you've got this great spirit of the song. 117 00:06:46,520 --> 00:06:49,280 It's a kind of haunting, broken-hearted ballad 118 00:06:49,360 --> 00:06:51,200 with this very rich production. 119 00:06:51,800 --> 00:06:54,680 GREER: In many ways, they were ground-breaking. 120 00:06:54,760 --> 00:06:59,200 Levi Stubbs was starting to mix bits of Bob Dylan's arc 121 00:06:59,280 --> 00:07:01,680 and the way he sang, into soul. 122 00:07:01,760 --> 00:07:05,520 So, to have a Black man actually sing this way 123 00:07:05,600 --> 00:07:06,960 was quite revolutionary. 124 00:07:07,920 --> 00:07:09,880 NARRATOR: In America, the Civil Rights movement 125 00:07:09,960 --> 00:07:13,720 was reaching a climax with the Memphis Sanitation Strike. 126 00:07:13,800 --> 00:07:16,920 In February, sanitation workers in Memphis - 127 00:07:17,000 --> 00:07:18,680 a pretty tough and difficult job - 128 00:07:18,760 --> 00:07:21,720 they realised they were being paid much less 129 00:07:21,800 --> 00:07:23,240 than their white counterparts, 130 00:07:23,320 --> 00:07:26,440 so they made the decision to go out on strike. 131 00:07:26,520 --> 00:07:29,600 Black men were called 'boy'. That was just routine. 132 00:07:29,680 --> 00:07:34,680 So to stand up and make a sign that said "I am a man" 133 00:07:34,760 --> 00:07:39,600 was a provocation, a statement, a stance 134 00:07:39,680 --> 00:07:41,880 of immense importance and power, 135 00:07:41,960 --> 00:07:45,640 because then they could have been arrested for civil disorder. 136 00:07:45,720 --> 00:07:48,520 If they'd gone to jail in Memphis, Tennessee 137 00:07:48,600 --> 00:07:50,080 who knows what would have happened to them? 138 00:07:50,160 --> 00:07:52,480 They wouldn't have gotten any justice, that's for sure. 139 00:07:52,560 --> 00:07:55,480 HODGKINSON: It was all about saying, 140 00:07:55,560 --> 00:07:58,080 "I am a man and, you know, I should be treated as one." 141 00:07:58,160 --> 00:07:59,520 And so that's where it came from 142 00:07:59,600 --> 00:08:01,440 and it manifested in a big movement 143 00:08:01,520 --> 00:08:04,600 and became a student movement, and, uh, you know, 144 00:08:04,680 --> 00:08:07,280 it became a...a sort of national concern. 145 00:08:07,360 --> 00:08:09,640 (SUNSHINE OF YOUR LOVE BY CREAM PLAYS) 146 00:08:11,000 --> 00:08:17,074 Watch Online Movies and Series for FREE www.osdb.link/lm 147 00:08:22,240 --> 00:08:25,600 I am announcing today my candidacy 148 00:08:25,680 --> 00:08:27,680 for the Presidency of the United States. 149 00:08:27,760 --> 00:08:29,560 In the spring of 1968, 150 00:08:29,640 --> 00:08:32,680 Robert Kennedy entered the race for President 151 00:08:32,760 --> 00:08:35,160 and that was a thrilling moment. 152 00:08:35,240 --> 00:08:37,360 Lyndon Johnson had stood down 153 00:08:37,440 --> 00:08:38,800 and said he wasn't going to run. 154 00:08:38,880 --> 00:08:41,440 Lyndon, unfortunately, was seen as the old world, 155 00:08:41,520 --> 00:08:45,520 but Bobby was young and new and young people loved him. 156 00:08:45,600 --> 00:08:48,240 GREER: For me, growing up as a Black girl, 157 00:08:48,320 --> 00:08:50,560 the Kennedy name had all that magic. 158 00:08:50,640 --> 00:08:52,920 JFK had done a lot to help, 159 00:08:53,000 --> 00:08:57,040 and Bobby especially had done a lot to help Martin Luther King. 160 00:08:57,120 --> 00:09:01,680 He was really saying extraordinarily clear-eyed, 161 00:09:01,760 --> 00:09:05,360 progressive things in that campaign. 162 00:09:05,440 --> 00:09:08,040 It was this exciting moment when people said, 163 00:09:08,120 --> 00:09:11,000 "This is the America we want, this is the president we want," 164 00:09:11,080 --> 00:09:12,400 and he's forward-looking 165 00:09:12,480 --> 00:09:16,320 and it's about rights and also about getting out of the war. 166 00:09:28,640 --> 00:09:30,640 Les Biches, a film by Claude Chabrol, 167 00:09:30,720 --> 00:09:32,920 was part of the French New Wave, 168 00:09:33,000 --> 00:09:35,720 which also featured Godard and Truffaut. 169 00:09:35,800 --> 00:09:41,160 On the surface, it was a film about a lesbian relationship, 170 00:09:41,240 --> 00:09:43,800 but in fact, it was meant to represent 171 00:09:43,880 --> 00:09:48,240 a lot of the political undertones of what was going on at the time, 172 00:09:48,320 --> 00:09:50,160 particularly in France too. 173 00:09:50,240 --> 00:09:53,600 It was about power, it was about buying people, 174 00:09:53,680 --> 00:09:56,040 and it was about manipulation. 175 00:09:56,120 --> 00:09:58,720 # Come all without 176 00:09:58,800 --> 00:10:00,000 # Come all within 177 00:10:00,000 --> 00:10:00,960 # Come all within 178 00:10:01,040 --> 00:10:05,600 # You'll not see nothin' like the Mighty Quinn... # 179 00:10:05,680 --> 00:10:09,560 BOYD: Mighty Quinn - that was a fascinating process. 180 00:10:09,640 --> 00:10:12,920 I think Albert Grossman, Dylan's manger, was frustrated 181 00:10:13,000 --> 00:10:15,880 because Dylan had hurt himself in a motorcycle accident 182 00:10:15,960 --> 00:10:18,480 and he wasn't working, he wasn't touring. 183 00:10:18,560 --> 00:10:19,720 There was no income. 184 00:10:20,640 --> 00:10:23,880 "Hey, Bob, give me some songs. Let me sell some songs." 185 00:10:23,960 --> 00:10:28,560 And...this demo, this LP... 186 00:10:30,240 --> 00:10:33,240 ..arrived at Feldman's Music in Charing Cross Road. 187 00:10:33,720 --> 00:10:38,760 # Come all without Come all within... # 188 00:10:38,840 --> 00:10:42,160 Everybody was queue-ing up to hear the Dylan demo 189 00:10:42,240 --> 00:10:45,920 and out of that demo came Manfred Mann, Mighty Quinn. 190 00:10:46,000 --> 00:10:50,440 Oh, I mean, they were such great songs and such... 191 00:10:50,520 --> 00:10:52,680 I mean, it was just an amazing thing. 192 00:10:52,760 --> 00:10:55,240 You hadn't heard any new Dylan for so long 193 00:10:55,320 --> 00:10:57,000 and then all of a sudden... 194 00:10:59,280 --> 00:11:03,200 22nd of March, 1968 were the first rumblings 195 00:11:03,280 --> 00:11:07,200 of what would then become very famous May '68 Paris Riots. 196 00:11:07,280 --> 00:11:10,480 WILLIAMS: The Paris University of Nanterre - this is in the suburbs. 197 00:11:10,560 --> 00:11:13,840 And some very far left groups, they decide to have a meeting 198 00:11:13,920 --> 00:11:15,640 and a lot of students participate in that. 199 00:11:15,720 --> 00:11:17,400 And there are two things they're looking at. 200 00:11:17,480 --> 00:11:21,040 Number one is discrimination in French society, which was rife, 201 00:11:21,120 --> 00:11:23,360 and number two, it's also the political bureaucracy 202 00:11:23,440 --> 00:11:25,440 that controls the university and its funding - 203 00:11:25,520 --> 00:11:27,400 it's felt to be incredibly unfair. 204 00:11:27,480 --> 00:11:30,080 And it's a peaceful meeting, it's a discussion meeting, 205 00:11:30,160 --> 00:11:33,680 but unfortunately the university authorities cracked down too hard. 206 00:11:33,760 --> 00:11:35,920 AIZLEWOOD: They sent the police in 207 00:11:36,000 --> 00:11:38,520 to break up these rather cross students. 208 00:11:38,600 --> 00:11:42,040 Then there was, in response, a demonstration. 209 00:11:42,120 --> 00:11:44,000 This took place on the 22nd of March. 210 00:11:44,080 --> 00:11:47,000 It became known as the Movement of the 22nd of March, 211 00:11:47,080 --> 00:11:52,600 and it was the beginnings of the student uprisings of Paris. 212 00:12:00,760 --> 00:12:03,520 (CRY LIKE A BABY BY THE BOX TOPS PLAYS) 213 00:12:03,600 --> 00:12:06,960 # But when I think about the good love you gave me 214 00:12:07,040 --> 00:12:09,000 # I cry like a baby 215 00:12:10,840 --> 00:12:14,480 # Living without you is driving me crazy... # 216 00:12:14,560 --> 00:12:16,400 Open the pod bay doors, HAL. 217 00:12:17,920 --> 00:12:21,520 HAL: I'm sorry, Dave. I'm afraid I can't do that. 218 00:12:21,600 --> 00:12:25,280 2001: A Space Odyssey was Stanley Kubrick's version 219 00:12:25,360 --> 00:12:28,320 of the Arthur C Clarke novella, 220 00:12:28,400 --> 00:12:31,240 and it was quite an incomprehensible film, 221 00:12:31,320 --> 00:12:32,840 I think it's fair to say. 222 00:12:32,920 --> 00:12:34,200 HODGKINSON: It's such a strange film, 223 00:12:34,280 --> 00:12:35,760 and it's such an unusual blockbuster. 224 00:12:35,840 --> 00:12:39,720 You've got this three-part film, which is about the birth of man 225 00:12:39,800 --> 00:12:42,880 and then the ascent of man in space, 226 00:12:42,960 --> 00:12:45,920 and then this kind of heavenly sequence at the end. 227 00:12:50,040 --> 00:12:53,400 It was profound because of the music, the cinematography, 228 00:12:53,480 --> 00:12:59,000 and the threat that our machines were becoming bigger than us. 229 00:13:00,120 --> 00:13:02,600 NARRATOR: Rudi Dutschke had been named public enemy 230 00:13:02,680 --> 00:13:05,040 by the Springer Press Organisation. 231 00:13:05,120 --> 00:13:07,880 Outraged students demonstrated in his defence 232 00:13:07,960 --> 00:13:09,400 outside the building. 233 00:13:09,480 --> 00:13:13,280 This grew into a huge revolt against the German government. 234 00:13:14,440 --> 00:13:18,360 # Sittin' in the morning sun... # 235 00:13:19,720 --> 00:13:21,000 At the start of April, 236 00:13:21,080 --> 00:13:24,560 civil rights leader Martin Luther King visited Memphis 237 00:13:24,640 --> 00:13:28,120 to lend support to the striking sanitation workers. 238 00:13:28,200 --> 00:13:30,520 On April the 3rd, he made his famous 239 00:13:30,600 --> 00:13:32,520 "I've been to the mountaintop" speech, 240 00:13:32,600 --> 00:13:35,360 which was saying that if I have to die... 241 00:13:35,440 --> 00:13:37,680 He said, you know, everyone wants longevity in life, 242 00:13:37,760 --> 00:13:40,000 but if I have to die because of speaking out, 243 00:13:40,080 --> 00:13:42,960 then I know that I've seen a better tomorrow. 244 00:13:43,040 --> 00:13:44,880 Really beautiful, powerful speech. 245 00:13:44,960 --> 00:13:48,240 Because I've been to the mountaintop 246 00:13:48,320 --> 00:13:52,040 and I have seen the Promised Land. 247 00:13:53,400 --> 00:13:56,040 I may not get there with you, 248 00:13:56,120 --> 00:14:01,080 but I want you to know tonight that we, as a people, 249 00:14:01,160 --> 00:14:03,080 will get to the Promised Land. 250 00:14:04,600 --> 00:14:07,840 And on April the 4th, on the walkway outside his room, 251 00:14:07,920 --> 00:14:10,560 Martin Luther King was shot by James Earl Ray. 252 00:14:13,840 --> 00:14:18,040 This was I think a real moment 253 00:14:18,120 --> 00:14:22,920 where the British and Europeans in general, 254 00:14:23,000 --> 00:14:30,160 went, "Wow, this is really intense, what's happening in America." 255 00:14:30,240 --> 00:14:33,960 GREER: I had a transistor radio that I carried around all the time, 256 00:14:34,040 --> 00:14:38,000 and it came across on the radio that he had been assassinated. 257 00:14:38,080 --> 00:14:41,920 It's not possible to describe what it was like. 258 00:14:42,000 --> 00:14:49,960 Bobby Kennedy had to announce it to a group of Black people 259 00:14:50,040 --> 00:14:51,760 who had come to hear him speak. 260 00:14:51,840 --> 00:14:53,400 He gave them that announcement. 261 00:14:53,480 --> 00:14:57,360 I remember the way they sounded when he told them. 262 00:14:57,440 --> 00:15:01,160 KENNEDY: I have some very sad news for all of you, 263 00:15:01,240 --> 00:15:04,520 and that is that Martin Luther King was shot 264 00:15:04,600 --> 00:15:06,600 and was killed tonight in Memphis, Tennessee. 265 00:15:06,680 --> 00:15:08,600 (SCREAMING) 266 00:15:10,560 --> 00:15:11,920 HODGKINSON: When Martin Luther King died, 267 00:15:12,000 --> 00:15:15,040 unsurprisingly, there were riots in cities across America. 268 00:15:17,280 --> 00:15:19,760 James Brown was booked to play the Boston Garden 269 00:15:19,840 --> 00:15:23,120 and there was a lot of talk about whether he should go on. 270 00:15:23,200 --> 00:15:24,920 He decided he should, 271 00:15:25,000 --> 00:15:28,440 and actually, it became a kind of peace-keeping mission. 272 00:15:28,520 --> 00:15:30,560 James Brown, sensing the moment, 273 00:15:30,640 --> 00:15:33,960 realising that people were watching on television 274 00:15:34,040 --> 00:15:35,600 rather than going out rioting, 275 00:15:35,680 --> 00:15:37,520 he calmed the situation down. 276 00:15:37,600 --> 00:15:40,600 Let's do the show together. 277 00:15:40,680 --> 00:15:42,640 We're Black. Don't make us all look bad! 278 00:15:42,720 --> 00:15:45,080 Let me finish doing the show. Come on the stage. 279 00:15:45,160 --> 00:15:49,640 The result of this was that there was less crime in Boston 280 00:15:49,720 --> 00:15:52,040 than on a standard Saturday evening. 281 00:15:52,120 --> 00:15:55,960 People had actually stayed at home to watch James Brown. 282 00:16:02,320 --> 00:16:04,120 Oh, this is really nice! 283 00:16:04,200 --> 00:16:06,400 # You better think Think! 284 00:16:06,480 --> 00:16:08,720 # Think about what you're tryin' to do to me... # 285 00:16:08,800 --> 00:16:10,640 HODGKINSON: May '68, the Paris Riots. 286 00:16:10,720 --> 00:16:12,600 This was a turning point, 287 00:16:12,680 --> 00:16:15,960 not just in student relations, but in French culture. 288 00:16:16,040 --> 00:16:17,880 It was so big that de Gaulle 289 00:16:17,960 --> 00:16:20,600 actually secretly left the country for awhile. 290 00:16:20,680 --> 00:16:22,560 WILLIAMS: After the University of Nanterre is closed, 291 00:16:22,640 --> 00:16:23,720 the closures spread, 292 00:16:23,800 --> 00:16:25,720 and by this point, the Sorbonne is closed, 293 00:16:25,800 --> 00:16:27,080 and the students are furious. 294 00:16:27,160 --> 00:16:29,360 The students protest the closure of the Sorbonne. 295 00:16:29,440 --> 00:16:31,000 20,000 of them are outside, 296 00:16:31,080 --> 00:16:33,000 along with lecturers and supporters, 297 00:16:33,080 --> 00:16:36,120 and the demonstrations were very badly handled. 298 00:16:41,400 --> 00:16:43,720 There starts to be a lot of support for the students - 299 00:16:43,800 --> 00:16:46,520 public opinion, trade unions, other workers - 300 00:16:46,600 --> 00:16:49,920 and there is a one-day strike called, a general strike called 301 00:16:50,000 --> 00:16:51,600 in support of the students. 302 00:16:51,680 --> 00:16:55,000 And on that day, one million people marched through Paris 303 00:16:55,000 --> 00:16:55,240 And on that day, one million people marched through Paris 304 00:16:55,320 --> 00:16:57,560 in support of the students. 305 00:16:57,640 --> 00:17:01,360 Joining the students with the all-powerful unions 306 00:17:01,440 --> 00:17:04,120 changed French society there and then. 307 00:17:04,200 --> 00:17:08,480 Almost overnight. The country stopped working. 308 00:17:08,560 --> 00:17:10,840 GREER: France, at that moment began to think, 309 00:17:10,920 --> 00:17:12,480 "Are we going to have another revolution?" 310 00:17:12,560 --> 00:17:14,440 Because the French don't do moderation. 311 00:17:14,520 --> 00:17:15,720 They do revolution. 312 00:17:15,800 --> 00:17:18,880 And it really looked like it was about to happen. 313 00:17:18,960 --> 00:17:21,720 There was a great iconic picture 314 00:17:21,800 --> 00:17:25,760 of a young woman on the shoulders of one of the young protestors. 315 00:17:25,840 --> 00:17:28,360 So it gave the whole world the idea 316 00:17:28,440 --> 00:17:30,960 that maybe there's going to be another revolution in France 317 00:17:31,040 --> 00:17:33,080 and it really actually began to look like that. 318 00:17:33,160 --> 00:17:35,920 (BAND PLAYS HELLO, I LOVE YOU) 319 00:17:37,200 --> 00:17:38,200 (LAUGHS) 320 00:17:41,120 --> 00:17:44,800 # Hello, I love you Won't you tell me your name? 321 00:17:45,360 --> 00:17:48,760 # Hello, I love you Let me jump in your game 322 00:17:49,320 --> 00:17:52,800 # Hello, I love you Won't you tell me your name? 323 00:17:53,400 --> 00:17:57,360 # Hello, I love you Let me jump in your game 324 00:17:57,440 --> 00:18:02,720 # She's walking down the street... # 325 00:18:02,800 --> 00:18:05,720 HODGKINSON: Hello, I Love You is The Doors at their most pop. 326 00:18:05,800 --> 00:18:08,320 It's an amazing pop song. 327 00:18:08,400 --> 00:18:11,160 Because Jim Morrison was a former film studies student 328 00:18:11,240 --> 00:18:13,440 and, you know, an arty guy, 329 00:18:13,520 --> 00:18:16,040 you've got some kind of rather dissonant, 330 00:18:16,120 --> 00:18:17,760 slightly odd feel about it. 331 00:18:17,840 --> 00:18:20,520 Like saying "Hello, I love you" instantly, it's kind of... 332 00:18:20,600 --> 00:18:21,880 ..it's a bit off. 333 00:18:21,960 --> 00:18:23,840 BOYD: I can't think of The Doors 334 00:18:23,920 --> 00:18:26,560 without thinking of my great friend Paul Rothchild 335 00:18:26,640 --> 00:18:28,320 who produced those records. 336 00:18:28,400 --> 00:18:34,560 To me, the sound was just great. Paul did such a great job. 337 00:18:34,640 --> 00:18:37,200 I never got tired of listening to those records. 338 00:18:37,280 --> 00:18:40,040 Just something about the combination - 339 00:18:40,120 --> 00:18:46,400 that dark edge to Morrison's voice, the moodiness. 340 00:18:46,480 --> 00:18:48,560 Paul just captured that so well. 341 00:18:52,640 --> 00:18:56,080 NARRATOR: Tragedy would strike American politics once again 342 00:18:56,160 --> 00:18:58,680 with the assassination of presidential hopeful 343 00:18:58,760 --> 00:19:01,160 Bobby Kennedy on June 6th. 344 00:19:01,240 --> 00:19:02,480 On June the 5th, 345 00:19:02,560 --> 00:19:04,800 Bobby Kennedy had just won the California Primary - 346 00:19:04,880 --> 00:19:05,960 an amazing moment, 347 00:19:06,040 --> 00:19:08,040 because California is such an important state 348 00:19:08,120 --> 00:19:09,800 in terms of the presidential election, 349 00:19:09,880 --> 00:19:14,440 and pretty much that would secure him as Democratic candidate. 350 00:19:14,520 --> 00:19:16,960 And so he gives this huge victory speech 351 00:19:17,040 --> 00:19:19,120 at the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles. 352 00:19:19,200 --> 00:19:21,960 Thank you, all of you, and it's on to Chicago 353 00:19:22,040 --> 00:19:23,840 and let's win this. 354 00:19:23,920 --> 00:19:25,280 After he's finished his speech, 355 00:19:25,360 --> 00:19:27,920 this entourage decides the way to avoid the crowd 356 00:19:28,000 --> 00:19:30,200 is to take him through the hotel kitchens, 357 00:19:30,280 --> 00:19:32,800 even though his bodyguard is dubious about this 358 00:19:32,880 --> 00:19:35,160 as he doesn't think it's a good idea. 359 00:19:35,240 --> 00:19:38,040 As he's going through the pantry, Sirhan Sirhan, 360 00:19:38,120 --> 00:19:40,960 a young Palestinian, was in the pantry, 361 00:19:41,040 --> 00:19:44,880 came out from behind a rack and fired. 362 00:19:44,960 --> 00:19:47,640 (GUNFIRE, SCREAMING) 363 00:19:47,720 --> 00:19:50,880 Shot him once in the head, twice in the back. 364 00:19:50,960 --> 00:19:55,120 He never regained consciousness. He died early in the morning. 365 00:19:55,200 --> 00:19:57,720 HODGKINSON: Why he shot him? There's a lot of theories. 366 00:19:57,800 --> 00:19:59,840 This was at a time when Robert Kennedy 367 00:19:59,920 --> 00:20:01,400 wanted to pull out of Vietnam. 368 00:20:01,480 --> 00:20:04,400 Hoover hated him. He was extremely unpopular. 369 00:20:04,480 --> 00:20:08,320 Kennedy, of course, was a supporter of Martin Luther King, 370 00:20:08,400 --> 00:20:10,720 who had also been assassinated. 371 00:20:10,800 --> 00:20:12,840 So the whole thing is...is, uh... 372 00:20:12,920 --> 00:20:17,640 ..it's a very shady and unpleasant chapter in American history. 373 00:20:17,720 --> 00:20:21,360 The effects of it were almost like a tidal wave 374 00:20:21,440 --> 00:20:23,800 across American politics. 375 00:20:23,880 --> 00:20:26,080 And, of course, the ultimate result of this 376 00:20:26,160 --> 00:20:28,920 was that the Democratic candidate for president 377 00:20:29,000 --> 00:20:30,200 would be Hubert Humphrey. 378 00:20:30,280 --> 00:20:32,360 WILLIAMS: Bobby Kennedy was going to bring in new values. 379 00:20:32,440 --> 00:20:33,880 He was going to bring in change. 380 00:20:33,960 --> 00:20:36,600 He was charismatic. He was exciting. 381 00:20:36,680 --> 00:20:39,440 He was revolutionary, and he was going to be president, 382 00:20:39,520 --> 00:20:42,200 and there were a lot of people who didn't want that. 383 00:20:42,280 --> 00:20:48,320 # How many times I've seen 384 00:20:48,400 --> 00:20:55,080 # Tears coming from your blue eyes... # 385 00:20:55,160 --> 00:20:57,120 Aphrodite's Child was a Greek band. 386 00:20:57,200 --> 00:20:59,560 They had the young Demis Roussos and Vangelis, 387 00:20:59,640 --> 00:21:03,200 and they were part of the whole '68 mood 388 00:21:03,280 --> 00:21:07,720 because they were escaping the military in Greece. 389 00:21:07,800 --> 00:21:10,360 They travelled to France. They were on their way to England. 390 00:21:10,440 --> 00:21:12,680 And because Paris wasn't functioning, 391 00:21:12,760 --> 00:21:16,160 they couldn't get visas to go further on to Britain. 392 00:21:16,240 --> 00:21:17,680 So they stayed in Paris. 393 00:21:20,880 --> 00:21:24,680 In Paris, they recorded this beautiful song, Rain And Tears, 394 00:21:24,760 --> 00:21:26,480 and it was heart-breaking. 395 00:21:26,560 --> 00:21:31,800 It was lovely and it stayed at number 1 in France for 14 weeks. 396 00:21:35,880 --> 00:21:40,680 # Those were the days, my friend 397 00:21:40,760 --> 00:21:43,360 # We thought they'd never end 398 00:21:43,440 --> 00:21:49,080 # We'd sing and dance forever and a day 399 00:21:49,160 --> 00:21:51,920 # We'd live the life we choose... # 400 00:21:53,320 --> 00:21:55,440 NARRATOR: Support for Alexander Dubcek, 401 00:21:55,520 --> 00:21:57,840 First Secretary of the Community Party, 402 00:21:57,920 --> 00:22:00,720 had gathered momentum from the Prague Spring. 403 00:22:04,720 --> 00:22:05,920 AIZLEWOOD: Dubcek's regime, 404 00:22:06,000 --> 00:22:08,440 they called it "socialism with a human face". 405 00:22:08,520 --> 00:22:11,840 And what it really meant was slightly liberalising 406 00:22:11,920 --> 00:22:15,440 some of the regime's more extreme policies. 407 00:22:15,520 --> 00:22:17,480 WILLIAMS: He's talking about freedom of the press. 408 00:22:17,560 --> 00:22:19,000 He's talking about freedom of speech. 409 00:22:19,080 --> 00:22:21,200 The possibility of multiple parties, 410 00:22:21,280 --> 00:22:23,920 the importance of economic goods, consumerism, 411 00:22:24,000 --> 00:22:27,440 and to Moscow, this is rebellion. 412 00:22:27,520 --> 00:22:29,280 The Soviet Union get very concerned. 413 00:22:29,360 --> 00:22:33,320 They start to move their tanks closer to Czechoslovakia 414 00:22:33,400 --> 00:22:36,600 and they make the Warsaw Pact, in which pretty much they agree 415 00:22:36,680 --> 00:22:39,600 that if they start to see anti-communism going on, 416 00:22:39,680 --> 00:22:42,160 plurality of government, too much freedom, 417 00:22:42,240 --> 00:22:45,320 they will agree, together, to intervene in that country. 418 00:22:45,400 --> 00:22:48,880 Dubcek was always loyal to the Soviet Union. 419 00:22:48,960 --> 00:22:51,200 He believed that they were friends. 420 00:22:51,280 --> 00:22:55,240 He believed that they wouldn't, in a million years, invade. 421 00:22:55,320 --> 00:22:58,960 # Ooh, I bet you're wonderin' how I knew 422 00:23:00,080 --> 00:23:03,200 # 'Bout your plans to make me blue... # 423 00:23:03,280 --> 00:23:05,360 HODGKINSON: 21st of August, 1968 424 00:23:05,440 --> 00:23:08,120 is when the Prague Spring was ruthlessly crushed, 425 00:23:08,200 --> 00:23:14,040 and 6,500 tanks and 50,000 troops came in from Russia 426 00:23:14,120 --> 00:23:17,480 and suppressed Dubcek's opening up, 427 00:23:17,560 --> 00:23:20,960 and now it was firmly under the Iron Curtain. 428 00:23:21,880 --> 00:23:26,520 Dubcek lasted another year, until 1969, 429 00:23:26,600 --> 00:23:29,640 when he was deposed and became an ambassador. 430 00:23:29,720 --> 00:23:32,040 Of course, it was never the same again. 431 00:23:35,920 --> 00:23:39,920 Marvin Gaye's I Heard It Through The Grapevine is the ultimate song 432 00:23:40,000 --> 00:23:42,480 of suspicion, passion, and jealousy. 433 00:23:42,560 --> 00:23:44,840 And nobody could do it better than Marvin Gaye. 434 00:23:44,920 --> 00:23:49,560 The creativity of Black America in those years. 435 00:23:49,640 --> 00:23:52,040 Now we look back and talk about psychedelic this, 436 00:23:52,120 --> 00:23:55,880 and all The Beatles and Stones and the groups, and it's all great. 437 00:23:55,960 --> 00:24:00,640 But the things that also stand the test of time, more and more, 438 00:24:00,720 --> 00:24:04,280 Aretha, Otis, Marvin Gaye, The Four Tops. 439 00:24:04,360 --> 00:24:07,720 You know, that... Those guys, you know? 440 00:24:07,800 --> 00:24:12,120 I Heard It Through The Grapevine is Marvin Gaye actually beginning 441 00:24:12,200 --> 00:24:14,560 the next phase of his musical career, 442 00:24:14,640 --> 00:24:16,280 in which he becomes a prophet, 443 00:24:16,360 --> 00:24:18,640 and in which he starts to say to people, "Wake up. 444 00:24:18,720 --> 00:24:20,280 "Something's going on in this country." 445 00:24:20,360 --> 00:24:22,360 You know, we danced to it and we hopped around, 446 00:24:22,440 --> 00:24:25,320 but actually, the tone of it is about, "Be careful, 447 00:24:25,400 --> 00:24:28,080 "because something's coming and it's not a good thing." 448 00:24:31,760 --> 00:24:35,560 NARRATOR: Towards the end of August, Chicago would erupt in violence 449 00:24:35,640 --> 00:24:39,880 as anti-war and anti-establishment demonstrations clashed with police 450 00:24:39,960 --> 00:24:42,360 at the Democratic convention. 451 00:24:45,160 --> 00:24:47,280 At the Democratic Convention of 1968, 452 00:24:47,360 --> 00:24:49,000 Robert Kennedy was meant to be there, 453 00:24:49,080 --> 00:24:50,640 but he had been assassinated, 454 00:24:50,720 --> 00:24:53,160 so you had Hubert Humphrey and McCarthy, 455 00:24:53,240 --> 00:24:57,640 and it became...there became a huge protest against it. 456 00:24:57,720 --> 00:24:59,600 WILLIAMS: Feelings were already running high. 457 00:24:59,680 --> 00:25:02,640 There had been riots. There had been lots of demonstrations. 458 00:25:02,720 --> 00:25:06,280 And there were some very excitable activists, 459 00:25:06,360 --> 00:25:08,640 and they said they were going to do things like disrupt it. 460 00:25:08,720 --> 00:25:12,480 GREER: At the time, the Mayor of Chicago, Richard Daley, 461 00:25:12,560 --> 00:25:15,160 had said, "If you kids come here with this, 462 00:25:15,240 --> 00:25:17,200 "I'm dealing with you and taking you out." 463 00:25:17,280 --> 00:25:20,240 So he had actually armed or uber-armed 464 00:25:20,320 --> 00:25:21,880 the Chicago Police Department, 465 00:25:21,960 --> 00:25:27,040 which had already been battling the uprisings in the Black community 466 00:25:27,120 --> 00:25:30,920 because Dr King had been murdered just months before. 467 00:25:31,000 --> 00:25:33,640 So, they were tooled up, let's put it this way. 468 00:25:33,720 --> 00:25:36,440 Meanwhile, in the centre of Chicago, 469 00:25:36,520 --> 00:25:39,000 Abbie Hoffman, who was the leader of the Yippies, 470 00:25:39,080 --> 00:25:42,320 had organised what he called a "Festival of Life", 471 00:25:42,400 --> 00:25:47,480 and this was 10,000 people who were gathered in Lincoln Park, 472 00:25:47,560 --> 00:25:50,000 and they attempted to sleep there. 473 00:25:50,080 --> 00:25:52,720 The Yippie Movement was a kind of very politicised version 474 00:25:52,800 --> 00:25:54,040 of the Hippie Movement. 475 00:25:54,120 --> 00:25:56,560 So, it was a revolutionary wing, essentially. 476 00:25:56,640 --> 00:25:58,440 WILLIAMS: What these demonstrators were saying 477 00:25:58,520 --> 00:26:00,600 was they hadn't got the president they wanted. 478 00:26:00,680 --> 00:26:02,880 They hadn't got Kennedy, but they wanted change. 479 00:26:02,960 --> 00:26:04,440 Things had to be different. 480 00:26:04,520 --> 00:26:08,320 The young of America wanted something very different 481 00:26:08,400 --> 00:26:09,680 to what their parents had done. 482 00:26:09,760 --> 00:26:14,200 Most of the Democrat delegates were staying at the Conrad Hilton, 483 00:26:14,280 --> 00:26:17,800 and that's where Abbie Hoffman and the protestors 484 00:26:17,880 --> 00:26:21,360 decided to launch their set piece demonstration. 485 00:26:21,440 --> 00:26:26,720 This was dealt with by the police with extreme brutality. 486 00:26:31,280 --> 00:26:34,000 The fact that it was so disastrous for it to be in Chicago 487 00:26:34,000 --> 00:26:35,520 The fact that it was so disastrous for it to be in Chicago 488 00:26:35,600 --> 00:26:37,680 could not have been foreseen, 489 00:26:37,760 --> 00:26:40,960 and the changes in society that made it disastrous 490 00:26:41,040 --> 00:26:48,360 were so radical and so extreme that they just boggled the mind. 491 00:26:49,320 --> 00:26:50,760 GREER: They burst into the Hilton Hotel, 492 00:26:50,840 --> 00:26:53,760 where a lot of us were in there working on the anti-war movement. 493 00:26:53,840 --> 00:26:56,720 They had guns. We were totally unarmed. 494 00:26:56,800 --> 00:26:59,680 People would fall down on the floor to show that they were non-violent, 495 00:26:59,760 --> 00:27:01,440 they stepped on you. 496 00:27:01,520 --> 00:27:04,120 It was pretty horrible. 497 00:27:04,200 --> 00:27:07,080 What Mayor Daley had never considered 498 00:27:07,160 --> 00:27:09,560 was the fact that it was going to be filmed. 499 00:27:09,640 --> 00:27:11,840 The television companies were all there. 500 00:27:11,920 --> 00:27:14,520 And they showed this brutality, 501 00:27:14,600 --> 00:27:19,520 this incredible behaviour by the police, going out live, 502 00:27:19,600 --> 00:27:24,160 and this had a profound effect on American opinion. 503 00:27:24,240 --> 00:27:26,800 To a lot of American people watching on TV, 504 00:27:26,880 --> 00:27:29,760 they hadn't seen this in such close quarters, 505 00:27:29,840 --> 00:27:33,120 because many riots simply were not filmed by TV cameras. 506 00:27:33,200 --> 00:27:35,960 There were TV cameras all over the Democratic Convention 507 00:27:36,040 --> 00:27:37,920 because they were going there to film it anyway. 508 00:27:38,000 --> 00:27:39,520 So, suddenly, these journalists 509 00:27:39,600 --> 00:27:42,600 who were expecting to film rather political conversations, 510 00:27:42,680 --> 00:27:45,560 were filming these mass pitched battles. 511 00:27:46,640 --> 00:27:49,880 It really did feel apocalyptic. 512 00:27:49,960 --> 00:27:54,880 It was something I followed avidly on television and in newspapers, 513 00:27:54,960 --> 00:27:56,480 what was going on, 514 00:27:56,560 --> 00:27:58,160 'cause I had people I knew there. 515 00:27:58,240 --> 00:28:01,120 HODGKINSON: The Chicago Seven, as they came to be known, 516 00:28:01,200 --> 00:28:03,440 were all arrested, 517 00:28:03,520 --> 00:28:08,680 and after appeals, all of them escaped jail, 518 00:28:08,760 --> 00:28:10,080 but it was very, very close. 519 00:28:14,840 --> 00:28:18,080 NARRATOR: In September, CBS debuted two shows 520 00:28:18,160 --> 00:28:21,400 that would go on to become television classics. 521 00:28:27,040 --> 00:28:31,080 Hawaii Five-0 made its debut in September 1968 522 00:28:31,160 --> 00:28:34,520 and this became the longest-running police series 523 00:28:34,600 --> 00:28:36,200 in American television history. 524 00:28:36,280 --> 00:28:37,920 You know, it's a good, fun cop show, 525 00:28:38,000 --> 00:28:40,560 but Hawaii Five-0 is all about the music, surely. 526 00:28:40,640 --> 00:28:43,240 (HAWAII FIVE-0 OPENING THEME PLAYS) 527 00:28:43,320 --> 00:28:46,280 Hawaii Five-0 had that theme song, first of all. 528 00:28:46,360 --> 00:28:48,000 It was... 529 00:28:48,080 --> 00:28:49,280 It was that theme song 530 00:28:49,360 --> 00:28:51,960 with the woman doing the hula at the beginning to the theme song, 531 00:28:52,040 --> 00:28:53,200 so it was great. 532 00:28:53,280 --> 00:28:56,600 I don't think there's ever been better theme music 533 00:28:56,680 --> 00:28:57,920 to a television programme. 534 00:28:58,000 --> 00:29:01,360 Of course, the sort of iconic phrase that ran through the whole thing, 535 00:29:01,440 --> 00:29:04,520 that we used to say all the time, "Book 'em, Danno!" 536 00:29:04,600 --> 00:29:08,760 Every time he finally got his man, it was "Book 'em, Danno!" 537 00:29:08,840 --> 00:29:10,200 So, we were all, "Book 'em, Danno!" 538 00:29:13,880 --> 00:29:15,080 Book 'em, Danno. 539 00:29:15,160 --> 00:29:21,680 Jack Lord was kind of a movie star-ish person on television. 540 00:29:21,760 --> 00:29:23,280 He had the same looks. 541 00:29:23,360 --> 00:29:27,080 He was kind of like Steve McQueen and he was just so cool. 542 00:29:27,160 --> 00:29:30,320 You know, Hawaii - most of us grew up in cities, 543 00:29:30,400 --> 00:29:33,480 and there was Hawaii with these beaches and stuff, so it was iconic. 544 00:29:33,560 --> 00:29:36,200 Good evening. This is 60 Minutes. 545 00:29:36,280 --> 00:29:38,080 60 Minutes was, uh... 546 00:29:38,160 --> 00:29:41,720 ..the dawn of television investigative journalism. 547 00:29:41,800 --> 00:29:44,360 Essentially, it was a magazine show, 548 00:29:44,440 --> 00:29:49,040 but it featured Vietnam, it featured police brutality. 549 00:29:49,120 --> 00:29:51,680 And it wasn't from a particularly left-wing position or anything. 550 00:29:51,760 --> 00:29:53,800 It featured issues of the day, 551 00:29:53,880 --> 00:29:56,440 and this really hadn't been done before. 552 00:29:56,520 --> 00:29:59,560 We do think this is sort of a new approach. 553 00:29:59,640 --> 00:30:01,480 We realise, of course, that new approaches 554 00:30:01,560 --> 00:30:03,560 are not always instantly accepted. 555 00:30:03,640 --> 00:30:06,360 We'll see. I'm Mike Wallace. 556 00:30:06,440 --> 00:30:07,600 We will indeed. 557 00:30:07,680 --> 00:30:10,080 You know, there are definitely things in British media 558 00:30:10,160 --> 00:30:11,400 and television 559 00:30:11,480 --> 00:30:14,200 that are way ahead of the equivalents in America, 560 00:30:14,280 --> 00:30:17,480 but I think that set a kind of standard. 561 00:30:17,560 --> 00:30:20,200 # Come on, baby, light my fire 562 00:30:21,960 --> 00:30:25,040 # Come on, baby, light my fire... # 563 00:30:25,120 --> 00:30:28,720 Jose Feliciano was a blind Puerto Rican guitarist 564 00:30:28,800 --> 00:30:33,360 and he changed Light My Fire into a lament, 565 00:30:33,440 --> 00:30:37,240 rather than the rather swaggering version that The Doors had done. 566 00:30:37,320 --> 00:30:39,960 The writer of the song, Robby Krieger of The Doors, 567 00:30:40,040 --> 00:30:41,120 he loved it. 568 00:30:41,200 --> 00:30:45,680 He said it really captured what it could have been, this song. 569 00:30:45,760 --> 00:30:49,720 # And our love become a funeral pyre... # 570 00:30:49,800 --> 00:30:54,240 I used to see Jose Feliciano come into Club 47 in Boston, 571 00:30:54,320 --> 00:30:55,720 the folk club there. 572 00:30:55,800 --> 00:30:59,640 His uncle would lead him. He was blind, even then. 573 00:30:59,720 --> 00:31:02,280 He was a teenager and would play this guitar 574 00:31:02,360 --> 00:31:05,960 and had this incredible voice and would sing this amazing thing. 575 00:31:06,040 --> 00:31:10,480 Everybody went, "What was that? Wow!" 576 00:31:11,840 --> 00:31:17,160 It's great to hear songs turned upside down and done differently, 577 00:31:17,240 --> 00:31:20,680 and again, it was great in those days. 578 00:31:20,760 --> 00:31:23,320 You could turn on the radio and just hear great music. 579 00:31:23,400 --> 00:31:25,240 It was just at the flick of a dial. 580 00:31:32,640 --> 00:31:35,640 (ALL ALONG THE WATCHTOWER BY JIMI HENDRIX PLAYS) 581 00:31:35,720 --> 00:31:37,400 Could you hand me a garment? 582 00:31:46,840 --> 00:31:49,560 All Along the Watchtower is Jimi Hendrix doing Bob Dylan 583 00:31:49,640 --> 00:31:51,240 better than Bob Dylan could ever do it, 584 00:31:51,320 --> 00:31:53,760 because Jimi Hendrix was such a brilliant guitarist 585 00:31:53,840 --> 00:31:55,360 and I think a fantastic singer as well. 586 00:31:55,440 --> 00:31:58,880 I mean, he put so much feeling into that song 587 00:31:58,960 --> 00:32:01,760 and turns it into something incredibly exciting. 588 00:32:01,840 --> 00:32:07,400 That, I have to say, is an even better re-imagination of a song 589 00:32:07,480 --> 00:32:10,440 than Jose Feliciano's Light My Fire. 590 00:32:10,520 --> 00:32:13,480 Jimi Hendrix doing All Along the Watchtower. 591 00:32:13,560 --> 00:32:16,160 That opening chord on the 12-string. 592 00:32:17,960 --> 00:32:18,960 Genius. 593 00:32:20,040 --> 00:32:22,440 I think Jimi Hendrix was held in such high esteem 594 00:32:22,520 --> 00:32:24,560 by other musicians and other songwriters 595 00:32:24,640 --> 00:32:26,760 that people like Dylan were very, very pleased 596 00:32:26,840 --> 00:32:28,560 for him to be doing their material. 597 00:32:31,480 --> 00:32:33,960 NARRATOR: In 1968, the Summer Olympics 598 00:32:34,040 --> 00:32:37,280 were held in October in Mexico City. 599 00:32:37,360 --> 00:32:40,400 In the 200 metres, Tommy Smith won the gold 600 00:32:40,480 --> 00:32:42,760 and John Carlos, the bronze. 601 00:32:42,840 --> 00:32:44,800 At the medal presentation ceremony, 602 00:32:44,880 --> 00:32:47,760 at the very moment these athletes were anointed 603 00:32:47,840 --> 00:32:49,520 as being among best in the world, 604 00:32:49,600 --> 00:32:53,000 the two Americans turned up, bare feet, 605 00:32:53,080 --> 00:32:56,040 in order to represent the poverty they saw around them. 606 00:32:56,120 --> 00:33:00,600 They wore beads too, and they each wore a glove. 607 00:33:00,680 --> 00:33:03,920 And as the medals were being presented, 608 00:33:04,000 --> 00:33:08,720 they raised one gloved arm each and scowled, 609 00:33:08,800 --> 00:33:12,040 and this was a Black Power salute at the time. 610 00:33:12,120 --> 00:33:14,320 It was sensational. 611 00:33:14,400 --> 00:33:16,800 It really embodied everything 612 00:33:16,880 --> 00:33:20,160 that we young people were feeling in that year. 613 00:33:20,240 --> 00:33:22,680 It was an amazing thing to do. 614 00:33:22,760 --> 00:33:25,080 It was as strong as "take a knee" is now. 615 00:33:25,160 --> 00:33:28,040 But it really made people think a lot. 616 00:33:28,120 --> 00:33:31,080 They are immediately chastised for this, 617 00:33:31,160 --> 00:33:32,960 because the Olympics is meant to be apolitical. 618 00:33:33,040 --> 00:33:34,240 That's what they say. 619 00:33:34,320 --> 00:33:36,280 And so they're banned from the Olympic village. 620 00:33:36,360 --> 00:33:39,800 They are very strongly criticised for this. 621 00:33:39,880 --> 00:33:43,280 Initially, the athletic body didn't get behind them at all 622 00:33:43,360 --> 00:33:48,320 and criticised them and felt this was the wrong thing to do. 623 00:33:48,400 --> 00:33:50,840 But when they came back, it was a different matter. 624 00:33:50,920 --> 00:33:52,280 They came back as heroes. 625 00:33:52,360 --> 00:33:56,040 Tommy Smith and John Carlos, who will be remembered as this, 626 00:33:56,120 --> 00:34:01,160 and their careers would forever be dwarfed by this one moment. 627 00:34:01,240 --> 00:34:02,680 But many years later, 628 00:34:02,760 --> 00:34:05,920 they both said that they had no regrets whatsoever. 629 00:34:06,000 --> 00:34:08,840 I think it was Tommy Smith who said that if he wins the race, 630 00:34:08,920 --> 00:34:10,400 he's an American, not a Black American, 631 00:34:10,480 --> 00:34:12,760 and if he does something bad, they call him a negro. 632 00:34:12,840 --> 00:34:15,080 He said, "We're Black, we're proud to be Black." 633 00:34:22,520 --> 00:34:24,680 NARRATOR: October was a big month for film, 634 00:34:24,760 --> 00:34:28,400 with several classics being released within days of each other, 635 00:34:28,480 --> 00:34:31,480 and they didn't get much bigger than Peter Yates' Bullitt. 636 00:34:33,520 --> 00:34:35,360 GREER: The thing about Bullitt, 637 00:34:35,440 --> 00:34:37,440 first of all, it's a Steve McQueen picture. 638 00:34:37,520 --> 00:34:39,360 The second thing that it was about 639 00:34:39,440 --> 00:34:41,960 was that everybody wanted a Mustang. 640 00:34:42,040 --> 00:34:45,080 Bullitt has a scene in it 641 00:34:45,160 --> 00:34:48,160 that's about, I think, 10 minutes long, 12 minutes long 642 00:34:48,240 --> 00:34:50,120 of the duel of these... 643 00:34:50,200 --> 00:34:52,000 Well, there's a Mustang in it. 644 00:34:53,200 --> 00:34:56,840 What it will really be remembered for is the incredible chase scene. 645 00:34:56,920 --> 00:35:00,640 And what they did was that they filmed it in streets. 646 00:35:00,720 --> 00:35:04,040 Generally, Hollywood movies are filmed on lots and sets, 647 00:35:04,120 --> 00:35:05,480 and Bullitt broke that mould. 648 00:35:05,560 --> 00:35:07,840 You had that famous chase scene, 649 00:35:07,920 --> 00:35:10,280 which was actually through the streets of San Francisco. 650 00:35:10,360 --> 00:35:13,880 The whole story is about, you know, a cop and all of these things, 651 00:35:13,960 --> 00:35:16,760 but the iconic moment is the chase. 652 00:35:16,840 --> 00:35:20,200 You're in that car. You're with Steve McQueen. 653 00:35:20,280 --> 00:35:22,160 You don't know how this is going to end. 654 00:35:22,240 --> 00:35:25,040 And it is full on and it's just gears 655 00:35:25,120 --> 00:35:28,760 and crashing and motors, and it was just iconic. 656 00:35:28,840 --> 00:35:31,040 An iconic boys' movie, but I saw it too. 657 00:35:31,120 --> 00:35:33,280 You're still afraid. 658 00:35:33,360 --> 00:35:34,760 Stop it now! I mean it! 659 00:35:39,200 --> 00:35:42,120 They're coming to get you, Barbara. 660 00:35:42,200 --> 00:35:47,280 Night of the Living Dead cost $114,000 to make 661 00:35:47,360 --> 00:35:52,880 and it recouped $21 million, so it was a massive success. 662 00:35:52,960 --> 00:35:54,440 HODGKINSON: Night of the Living Dead 663 00:35:54,520 --> 00:35:56,160 is the first counter-cultural horror movie. 664 00:35:56,240 --> 00:35:58,680 George A. Romero made it on next to nothing, 665 00:35:58,760 --> 00:36:03,360 and it's this film which is about zombies taking over 666 00:36:03,440 --> 00:36:07,280 and the survivors hide out in this farmhouse. 667 00:36:08,400 --> 00:36:10,680 Looks like about 8 or 10 out there now. 668 00:36:10,760 --> 00:36:14,360 That's more than before. There are a lot out back too. 669 00:36:19,640 --> 00:36:21,480 AIZLEWOOD: On the surface, it was a horror film. 670 00:36:21,560 --> 00:36:26,760 It was so incredibly brutal. The violence was shocking. 671 00:36:26,840 --> 00:36:28,000 But also, it wasn't just a horror film. 672 00:36:28,000 --> 00:36:29,720 But also, it wasn't just a horror film. 673 00:36:29,800 --> 00:36:32,040 Like so much in 1968, 674 00:36:32,120 --> 00:36:34,640 there was stuff going on under the surface. 675 00:36:34,720 --> 00:36:37,680 There are a lot of theories that he was reflecting Vietnam 676 00:36:37,760 --> 00:36:39,920 and he was reflecting what was going on at the time, 677 00:36:40,000 --> 00:36:41,480 but also, the lead is Black, 678 00:36:41,560 --> 00:36:43,600 which was very unusual for a movie like this. 679 00:36:43,680 --> 00:36:45,960 It became a key moment in the counter-culture, 680 00:36:46,040 --> 00:36:49,200 because horror movies were traditionally seen as trashy 681 00:36:49,280 --> 00:36:53,400 and silly and fun and entertaining, but not of cultural relevance. 682 00:36:53,480 --> 00:36:54,920 Suddenly, you had this film 683 00:36:55,000 --> 00:36:57,920 which was actually almost a metaphor or euphemism 684 00:36:58,000 --> 00:36:59,560 for what was going on in the country. 685 00:37:09,800 --> 00:37:14,280 In November of 1968, the American people are suffering 686 00:37:14,360 --> 00:37:16,400 what you can definitely say is an identity crisis. 687 00:37:16,480 --> 00:37:18,440 They've seen so much police brutality. 688 00:37:18,520 --> 00:37:20,280 They've seen riots, they've seen shootings. 689 00:37:20,360 --> 00:37:22,920 The shooting of Kennedy, the shooting of Martin Luther King. 690 00:37:23,000 --> 00:37:24,680 They are beginning to be increasingly scared 691 00:37:24,760 --> 00:37:25,840 about the future. 692 00:37:25,920 --> 00:37:28,880 And so there starts to be this great movement 693 00:37:28,960 --> 00:37:31,520 towards conservative behaviour. 694 00:37:31,600 --> 00:37:35,880 Nixon appealed to what he called the Silent Majority. 695 00:37:35,960 --> 00:37:38,000 This is the time of the Vietnam protests, 696 00:37:38,080 --> 00:37:40,720 it's the time of the hippie movement, the student movement, 697 00:37:40,800 --> 00:37:43,880 this flowering of a new consciousness. 698 00:37:43,960 --> 00:37:47,560 The silent majority were all those people all over America 699 00:37:47,640 --> 00:37:49,640 who felt very alienated from this. 700 00:37:49,720 --> 00:37:53,120 He promised to boost America's nuclear capability 701 00:37:53,200 --> 00:37:58,120 and effectively, he promised to take America away 702 00:37:58,200 --> 00:38:02,240 from the protests and the trauma of 1968. 703 00:38:02,320 --> 00:38:05,840 The first priority foreign policy objective 704 00:38:05,920 --> 00:38:07,960 of our next administration 705 00:38:08,040 --> 00:38:12,440 will be to bring an honourable end to the war in Vietnam. 706 00:38:12,520 --> 00:38:16,000 Nixon makes the promise to come out of Vietnam. 707 00:38:16,080 --> 00:38:18,760 As a consequence, Nixon becomes President. 708 00:38:18,840 --> 00:38:21,560 So, all this run up, all this talk of liberal, 709 00:38:21,640 --> 00:38:22,800 all this talk of change, 710 00:38:22,880 --> 00:38:27,160 we now have a very conservative Republican president in power. 711 00:38:29,400 --> 00:38:31,040 NARRATOR: Change would also arrive 712 00:38:31,120 --> 00:38:34,080 at another of America's oldest institutions. 713 00:38:34,160 --> 00:38:39,040 Yale University, the bastion of American education, 714 00:38:39,120 --> 00:38:41,080 didn't admit women. 715 00:38:41,160 --> 00:38:43,320 Now, as early as 1966, 716 00:38:43,400 --> 00:38:47,680 they had, in fairness to them, tried to reverse that policy. 717 00:38:47,760 --> 00:38:51,320 They tried to link with Vassar, the female college, 718 00:38:51,400 --> 00:38:53,480 but Vassar were having none of this. 719 00:38:53,560 --> 00:38:58,000 So in 1968, both Yale and Vassar - totally separately - 720 00:38:58,080 --> 00:39:01,400 agreed to take the other sex into their university. 721 00:39:01,480 --> 00:39:03,480 (BAND PLAYS ALBATROSS) 722 00:39:16,800 --> 00:39:19,520 Albatross was a British Number 1 723 00:39:19,600 --> 00:39:22,600 for the Peter Green era of Fleetwood Mac. 724 00:39:22,680 --> 00:39:25,120 It also went to Number 4 in America. 725 00:39:25,200 --> 00:39:29,400 It was sort of a musical balm for troubled times. 726 00:39:29,480 --> 00:39:33,560 It was a beautiful, slow, languid instrumental 727 00:39:33,640 --> 00:39:35,320 with the sounds of the seashore on it. 728 00:39:35,400 --> 00:39:39,120 Suddenly you had these very, very long, beautiful, 729 00:39:39,200 --> 00:39:41,280 one might say ponderous guitar solos 730 00:39:41,360 --> 00:39:44,360 by this incredible guitarist, called Peter Green, 731 00:39:44,440 --> 00:39:46,320 who was then leading Fleetwood Mac. 732 00:39:46,400 --> 00:39:48,520 And he would have terrible mental health problems 733 00:39:48,600 --> 00:39:49,960 which forced him to leave, 734 00:39:50,040 --> 00:39:52,600 but at this stage, he was turning Fleetwood Mac, 735 00:39:52,680 --> 00:39:54,400 who'd been around for quite a long time, 736 00:39:54,480 --> 00:39:56,160 into this big blues phenomenon. 737 00:40:04,760 --> 00:40:08,800 Once Upon a Time in the West is a great film. 738 00:40:08,880 --> 00:40:11,680 This is Henry Fonda as the star of this movie. 739 00:40:13,160 --> 00:40:17,480 Sergio Leone, who'd done the Unknown Man trilogy 740 00:40:17,560 --> 00:40:18,760 with Clint Eastwood, 741 00:40:18,840 --> 00:40:20,960 thought he'd had it with Westerns, 742 00:40:21,040 --> 00:40:23,840 but then he was given the opportunity 743 00:40:23,920 --> 00:40:27,960 to direct Henry Fonda as a villain. 744 00:40:28,040 --> 00:40:30,240 So he took his chance, did it, 745 00:40:30,320 --> 00:40:32,520 and the results were absolutely brilliant. 746 00:40:36,440 --> 00:40:39,480 It had a kind of very, very elegant feel 747 00:40:39,560 --> 00:40:40,680 and it changed Westerns. 748 00:40:40,760 --> 00:40:42,600 It was almost like an existentialist Western. 749 00:40:46,480 --> 00:40:49,720 It was a landmark in every way. Every way. 750 00:40:49,800 --> 00:40:52,400 And the theme song was epic. 751 00:41:12,160 --> 00:41:15,880 On Christmas Eve of 1968, the Apollo 8, 752 00:41:15,960 --> 00:41:18,480 a programme that had been begun by President Kennedy, 753 00:41:18,560 --> 00:41:20,040 goes into the orbit of the moon. 754 00:41:20,120 --> 00:41:21,640 It goes around the moon. 755 00:41:21,720 --> 00:41:25,400 And what it gets are these amazing pictures. 756 00:41:25,480 --> 00:41:28,000 The Earth, from here, is a grand oasis to the big vastness of space. 757 00:41:28,000 --> 00:41:30,560 The Earth, from here, is a grand oasis to the big vastness of space. 758 00:41:30,640 --> 00:41:32,760 We've never seen Earth like this before, 759 00:41:32,840 --> 00:41:36,960 so it was a breakthrough not just in exploration of the moon - 760 00:41:37,040 --> 00:41:41,360 and, of course, it wouldn't be long before man landed on the moon - 761 00:41:41,440 --> 00:41:44,960 but also of actually seeing our Earth from space. 762 00:41:45,040 --> 00:41:47,160 You're all looking at yourselves 763 00:41:47,240 --> 00:41:50,480 as seen from 180,000 miles out in space. 764 00:41:50,560 --> 00:41:52,320 WILLIAMS: The crew actually reads from Genesis 765 00:41:52,400 --> 00:41:53,800 while they're up there in the shuttle. 766 00:41:53,880 --> 00:41:55,080 Very interesting moment. 767 00:41:55,160 --> 00:41:57,440 On one hand, here's the ultimate representation 768 00:41:57,520 --> 00:41:58,640 of American power. 769 00:41:58,720 --> 00:42:02,040 They have sent men round the moon, taking photos! 770 00:42:02,120 --> 00:42:05,800 But also it shows us how teeny tiny Earth is, 771 00:42:05,880 --> 00:42:07,480 what a small place it is. 772 00:42:07,560 --> 00:42:08,960 And so on one hand, 773 00:42:09,040 --> 00:42:12,120 we're the greatest and the smallest in the universe. 774 00:42:13,480 --> 00:42:17,160 After such a year of turmoil, I think it's quite significant 775 00:42:17,240 --> 00:42:19,920 that Time Magazine had as its Men of the Year 776 00:42:20,000 --> 00:42:23,400 the three-man crew of Apollo 8. 777 00:42:23,480 --> 00:42:25,640 These were incredibly brave men. 778 00:42:25,720 --> 00:42:29,120 This was the first time a manned aircraft 779 00:42:29,200 --> 00:42:31,160 had gone out of the Earth's orbit. 780 00:42:31,240 --> 00:42:34,960 It was the first time that anyone had seen the dark side of the moon. 781 00:42:35,040 --> 00:42:39,960 # For once in my life, I have someone who needs me 782 00:42:40,040 --> 00:42:43,080 # Someone I needed so long... # 783 00:42:43,160 --> 00:42:45,600 For Once In My Life just makes you love Stevie Wonder, really. 784 00:42:45,680 --> 00:42:48,320 He's just so happy and there's something about Stevie Wonder 785 00:42:48,400 --> 00:42:49,480 that just lifts you up, 786 00:42:49,560 --> 00:42:51,880 and For Once In My Life is a great example of that. 787 00:42:51,960 --> 00:42:54,240 GREER: This is his - I called - his Broadway song. 788 00:42:54,320 --> 00:42:56,320 Gene Kelly could have sang this song 789 00:42:56,400 --> 00:42:58,240 and that's the genius of it, 790 00:42:58,320 --> 00:43:01,400 because Stevie does it and he does it magnificently. 791 00:43:01,480 --> 00:43:08,080 AIZLEWOOD: For Once In My Life is a very optimistic way to close 1968. 792 00:43:08,160 --> 00:43:12,400 It was full of light, full of joy, and like Apollo 8, 793 00:43:12,480 --> 00:43:18,720 it showed that 1968 need not end with the despair and disappointment 794 00:43:18,800 --> 00:43:21,400 and violence that characterised the year. 795 00:43:21,480 --> 00:43:24,480 # ..I know won't desert me 796 00:43:24,560 --> 00:43:27,840 # I'm not alone anymore 797 00:43:27,920 --> 00:43:33,200 # For once, I can say This is mine, you can't take it 798 00:43:33,280 --> 00:43:37,040 # Long as I know I have love, I can make it 799 00:43:37,120 --> 00:43:42,040 # For once in my life, I have someone who needs me 800 00:43:42,120 --> 00:43:44,800 # Someone who needs me 801 00:43:44,880 --> 00:43:46,400 # Hey, yeah 802 00:43:46,480 --> 00:43:49,840 # Someone who needs me... # 803 00:43:49,920 --> 00:43:52,640 Captions by Red Bee Media (c) SBS Australia 2023 804 00:43:53,305 --> 00:44:53,208 Watch Online Movies and Series for FREE www.osdb.link/lm