"Hullenlos - Die Geschichte der Nacktheit" Episode #1.1

1 00:00:07,440 --> 00:00:09,120 All beginnings are naked. 2 00:00:09,320 --> 00:00:11,160 And this primal state of life 3 00:00:11,360 --> 00:00:13,440 is the ideal for some. 4 00:00:14,640 --> 00:00:16,640 Swimming naked is the best thing ever. 5 00:00:16,840 --> 00:00:18,840 You feel like a fish, 6 00:00:19,040 --> 00:00:21,840 just so free. And you feel the current. 7 00:00:22,520 --> 00:00:24,360 Naked, we're all equal. 8 00:00:24,560 --> 00:00:28,400 But still, the sight of naked bodies can be disturbing. 9 00:00:28,600 --> 00:00:31,400 In my childhood, 10 00:00:31,600 --> 00:00:35,480 naked people were just terrible, evil, perverted people. 11 00:00:35,680 --> 00:00:37,120 That's what I grew up with. 12 00:00:37,440 --> 00:00:39,040 People who would expose themselves 13 00:00:39,240 --> 00:00:41,520 in public clearly had something wrong with them, 14 00:00:41,720 --> 00:00:43,160 and they should be avoided. 15 00:00:43,920 --> 00:00:47,280 Alongside their clothing, the followers of naturism also 16 00:00:47,480 --> 00:00:48,760 discard social conventions. 17 00:00:48,960 --> 00:00:51,440 A struggle demanding perseverance. 18 00:00:51,640 --> 00:00:55,080 In our youth, of course, nudism was not wanted here. 19 00:00:55,760 --> 00:00:59,480 And of course, we had to be careful not to get caught. 20 00:00:59,680 --> 00:01:03,360 But actually, they have never been able to implement the ban here. 21 00:01:04,680 --> 00:01:06,560 Enjoying life naked - 22 00:01:07,400 --> 00:01:11,400 it's not about sexuality, but about freedom. 23 00:01:13,880 --> 00:01:16,920 For me, nudism simply stands for an unrestricted attitude to life. 24 00:01:17,120 --> 00:01:19,360 I can do what I want. 25 00:01:19,560 --> 00:01:21,960 I don't have to pay attention to anything 26 00:01:22,280 --> 00:01:24,640 because that's what's wanted from the outside. 27 00:01:24,840 --> 00:01:27,960 So... for me, at home, 28 00:01:29,560 --> 00:01:32,920 nudity was taboo. My parents are very old. 29 00:01:33,120 --> 00:01:35,240 And you couldn't go around naked. 30 00:01:35,440 --> 00:01:39,360 You couldn't talk about sex 31 00:01:39,560 --> 00:01:42,240 or bare your body. 32 00:01:42,440 --> 00:01:46,120 You always had to be dressed. 33 00:01:48,000 --> 00:01:54,074 Support us and become VIP member to remove all ads from www.OpenSubtitles.org 34 00:01:59,720 --> 00:02:02,560 And for me, it wasn't necessarily taboo. 35 00:02:02,880 --> 00:02:05,120 As much as we're open, we live quite close by, 36 00:02:05,320 --> 00:02:07,080 but no one from our family 37 00:02:07,280 --> 00:02:09,360 would come and spend a day with us. 38 00:02:09,680 --> 00:02:12,400 I've already told them we're going to a naturist place, 39 00:02:12,600 --> 00:02:15,560 but everyone looks at us with huge eyes and says, 40 00:02:16,800 --> 00:02:17,720 "They're crazy!" 41 00:02:18,680 --> 00:02:22,160 {\an8}Claire and Jean-Xavier Orefici are late bloomers. 42 00:02:22,360 --> 00:02:24,360 {\an8}Neonaturists. 43 00:02:24,560 --> 00:02:27,920 {\an8}They have only recently discovered nude holidays. 44 00:02:28,120 --> 00:02:29,760 And their four children join in too. 45 00:02:36,840 --> 00:02:39,320 The eldest son is studying accounting. 46 00:02:40,240 --> 00:02:43,560 His fellow students don't know that he goes on nudist holidays. 47 00:02:48,000 --> 00:02:51,640 My name is Baptiste, I am 19 years old, from Montpellier. 48 00:02:51,960 --> 00:02:53,320 For me, it's the second time. 49 00:02:53,520 --> 00:02:56,160 I already tried it once 50 00:02:56,360 --> 00:02:58,120 on holiday with my parents. 51 00:02:58,320 --> 00:03:00,560 Now I'm really into it. 52 00:03:00,760 --> 00:03:02,960 This summer, it's a great pleasure. 53 00:03:04,400 --> 00:03:06,480 Doing nude sports 54 00:03:06,680 --> 00:03:09,720 was something special at the start. On the first day at the campsite, 55 00:03:09,920 --> 00:03:12,360 I thought to myself it would be difficult for me. 56 00:03:12,560 --> 00:03:16,440 It is quite unique. But I quickly got a taste for it. 57 00:03:16,640 --> 00:03:18,840 I just sweat less, I feel comfortable. 58 00:03:19,040 --> 00:03:21,400 I feel like getting back to basics. 59 00:03:21,600 --> 00:03:23,720 Some people prefer 60 00:03:24,040 --> 00:03:26,640 to retreat with their mobile phones 61 00:03:26,840 --> 00:03:28,960 and be indoors all day. 62 00:03:29,160 --> 00:03:31,320 That's out of the question for me. 63 00:03:31,640 --> 00:03:33,760 I do naturism 64 00:03:33,960 --> 00:03:36,760 to really live in the moment 65 00:03:36,960 --> 00:03:38,600 and enjoy it. 66 00:03:45,720 --> 00:03:47,880 France is the most important 67 00:03:48,200 --> 00:03:50,000 naturist destination in the world. 68 00:03:50,200 --> 00:03:52,320 Two-and-a-half million naturists 69 00:03:52,520 --> 00:03:54,280 spend their holidays here every year. 70 00:03:55,720 --> 00:03:57,800 The Sérignan Plage campsite 71 00:03:58,000 --> 00:04:01,840 is one of several large naturist sites on the Mediterranean. 72 00:04:02,600 --> 00:04:04,520 Here you feel like family. 73 00:04:04,720 --> 00:04:07,200 That's what was really important, at the reception, 74 00:04:07,400 --> 00:04:09,200 they know us, they say hello. 75 00:04:09,400 --> 00:04:12,120 People know each other because they come back every year, 76 00:04:12,320 --> 00:04:15,320 and we're a bit new to the scene. 77 00:04:15,640 --> 00:04:19,320 It took us two years to settle in. 78 00:04:23,120 --> 00:04:25,040 For me, when I take this ring off, 79 00:04:25,240 --> 00:04:28,000 it makes me feel naked. 80 00:04:28,200 --> 00:04:30,840 It's loaded with values and symbols, 81 00:04:31,040 --> 00:04:34,000 which makes me feel more fragile when I take it off. 82 00:04:36,080 --> 00:04:38,320 The term "nude" sounds to me 83 00:04:39,640 --> 00:04:42,760 like a cultural construct. 84 00:04:42,960 --> 00:04:45,600 It's a sensation and a perception 85 00:04:45,800 --> 00:04:49,080 that is built up in the relationship with oneself and with others. 86 00:04:53,640 --> 00:04:57,280 In the 1960s, the nudity of some 87 00:04:58,280 --> 00:05:00,720 triggered shame and indignation in others. 88 00:05:01,800 --> 00:05:03,440 Officially, bathing nude was forbidden. 89 00:05:04,320 --> 00:05:06,760 But fewer and fewer people adhered to it. 90 00:05:07,880 --> 00:05:09,720 You can't bathe anywhere. Everyone is nude. 91 00:05:10,400 --> 00:05:13,320 But the policemen paid attention and imposed fines. 92 00:05:13,520 --> 00:05:17,560 Abide by the city ordinances. Don't make a show of oneself. 93 00:05:17,760 --> 00:05:20,120 The 60s, as you can see, 94 00:05:20,320 --> 00:05:23,600 were really marked by a strong social development 95 00:05:23,800 --> 00:05:27,080 in terms of mores, relationships, 96 00:05:27,280 --> 00:05:28,400 shame and liberation. 97 00:05:28,600 --> 00:05:31,640 And this development benefitted naturist centres. 98 00:05:32,920 --> 00:05:34,760 Today, naturism is allowed 99 00:05:34,960 --> 00:05:37,800 in almost 500 designated places in France. 100 00:05:38,120 --> 00:05:40,960 No matter how "liberated" society is, 101 00:05:41,160 --> 00:05:44,160 the individual sense of shame can vary greatly. 102 00:05:44,360 --> 00:05:46,280 Especially when it comes to doing sport nude. 103 00:05:48,640 --> 00:05:50,120 Good morning! 104 00:06:02,680 --> 00:06:04,000 For the Orefici family, 105 00:06:04,200 --> 00:06:07,440 it is the first naked yoga session of their lives. 106 00:06:11,360 --> 00:06:12,600 Yes. 107 00:06:23,280 --> 00:06:25,960 Honestly, it's the first time since we've been here 108 00:06:26,160 --> 00:06:28,320 that I've felt a bit uncomfortable, I admit it. 109 00:06:29,040 --> 00:06:31,000 You do get into positions here 110 00:06:31,200 --> 00:06:34,240 that are, shall I say... not so normal! 111 00:06:34,440 --> 00:06:35,880 At one point, 112 00:06:36,080 --> 00:06:39,160 I was really close to putting on a wrap. 113 00:06:39,360 --> 00:06:41,480 This is something most people feel 114 00:06:41,680 --> 00:06:43,680 when they are interacting nude 115 00:06:43,880 --> 00:06:46,040 around other people, especially for the first time. 116 00:06:46,240 --> 00:06:49,080 There is that sense that people are going to look at me 117 00:06:49,280 --> 00:06:51,440 and they're not going to like what they see. 118 00:06:51,760 --> 00:06:53,280 {\an8}Something will be too small, something will be too big, 119 00:06:53,480 --> 00:06:55,960 {\an8}something will be too jiggly or not jiggly enough. 120 00:06:56,160 --> 00:06:59,120 {\an8}And all of that is a worry we carry around with us, 121 00:06:59,320 --> 00:07:01,600 which we can get rid of, to some extent, 122 00:07:01,800 --> 00:07:04,440 by just taking part in naked activities. 123 00:07:04,760 --> 00:07:08,160 It was very, very good. The wind, 124 00:07:08,360 --> 00:07:11,320 the sea breeze helped me 125 00:07:11,520 --> 00:07:14,320 to get over the thought 126 00:07:14,520 --> 00:07:18,200 of covering up, of my swimming trunks. Very good. 127 00:07:18,520 --> 00:07:21,240 With the sound of the waves, 128 00:07:21,440 --> 00:07:23,000 the screeching of the seagulls, 129 00:07:23,200 --> 00:07:24,880 it was very beautiful. 130 00:07:27,600 --> 00:07:29,880 To our holidays! 131 00:07:30,080 --> 00:07:31,040 Cheers! 132 00:07:39,640 --> 00:07:42,440 Nudity indeed reveals the norms 133 00:07:42,640 --> 00:07:43,720 of a society. 134 00:07:43,920 --> 00:07:45,280 It unveils the culture, 135 00:07:45,480 --> 00:07:48,800 notably the influence of religion on culture. 136 00:07:49,120 --> 00:07:51,840 The difference we observe between France and Germany 137 00:07:52,040 --> 00:07:55,080 regarding the accepted level of nudity 138 00:07:55,280 --> 00:07:57,440 can largely be explained 139 00:07:57,640 --> 00:07:59,480 by their religious heritage. 140 00:07:59,800 --> 00:08:02,800 France is much more Catholic than Germany. 141 00:08:03,000 --> 00:08:07,040 Historically, the acceptance of nudity 142 00:08:07,240 --> 00:08:09,000 has been seen to develop especially 143 00:08:09,200 --> 00:08:10,640 in Protestant Germany. 144 00:08:13,160 --> 00:08:15,440 THE BALTIC SEA 145 00:08:15,640 --> 00:08:18,000 In GDR times, 146 00:08:18,200 --> 00:08:21,600 the East German states developed into the Mecca of naturism. 147 00:08:27,720 --> 00:08:29,800 The municipality of Prerow on the Darß peninsula 148 00:08:30,000 --> 00:08:32,840 was considered a nudist stronghold at the time. 149 00:08:33,040 --> 00:08:35,240 And for some, it still is. 150 00:08:36,440 --> 00:08:37,560 When I'm naked, I'm naked. 151 00:08:38,640 --> 00:08:40,920 And that's how I want people to see me. 152 00:08:41,120 --> 00:08:43,120 If they don't like it, they should look away. 153 00:08:46,560 --> 00:08:50,240 My daily routine is actually still a ritual from the past, 154 00:08:50,560 --> 00:08:52,440 where I was practically 155 00:08:52,640 --> 00:08:54,920 guided by my parents as a small child. 156 00:08:55,640 --> 00:08:57,200 And I want to keep that, 157 00:08:57,400 --> 00:08:59,800 to get up early in the morning, 158 00:09:00,120 --> 00:09:01,560 to take my toothbrush 159 00:09:01,760 --> 00:09:04,200 and brush my teeth with toothpaste in the Baltic Sea. 160 00:09:04,960 --> 00:09:08,920 And I do that all the time here - not in winter, 161 00:09:09,120 --> 00:09:10,160 but otherwise actually, 162 00:09:10,480 --> 00:09:14,120 even when the water temperature is seven or eight degrees. 163 00:09:17,360 --> 00:09:19,280 He has practised 164 00:09:19,480 --> 00:09:22,800 this ritual every year since 1957. 165 00:09:26,240 --> 00:09:28,240 My name is Christoph Jahn. 166 00:09:29,200 --> 00:09:32,880 I was born in Potsdam in 1955. 167 00:09:34,480 --> 00:09:37,040 My parents are Saxons. 168 00:09:38,680 --> 00:09:41,720 I am an only child. Unfortunately, you can still see that today. 169 00:09:43,280 --> 00:09:46,360 I always wanted a brother or sister. 170 00:09:46,560 --> 00:09:50,400 And so, I was always somewhere with other children 171 00:09:50,600 --> 00:09:52,440 and here, of course, at the beach. 172 00:10:06,920 --> 00:10:09,160 My father studied here in Rostock, 173 00:10:09,360 --> 00:10:11,560 which was actually the starting point 174 00:10:11,880 --> 00:10:14,400 for our family's presence here in Prerow. 175 00:10:16,280 --> 00:10:19,560 As a student, my father used to come here 176 00:10:20,440 --> 00:10:22,000 with all his fellow students 177 00:10:22,200 --> 00:10:25,880 during his wild days and they used to throw big parties. 178 00:10:29,160 --> 00:10:31,680 In the 50s, the early days of the GDR, 179 00:10:31,880 --> 00:10:33,480 many things were considered 180 00:10:33,680 --> 00:10:35,200 imperialistically decadent, 181 00:10:35,400 --> 00:10:38,000 from chewing gum to rock 'n' roll. 182 00:10:38,200 --> 00:10:40,440 Naturally, nudism, referred to here as "FKK", 183 00:10:40,640 --> 00:10:42,160 fell into that category. 184 00:10:44,680 --> 00:10:47,160 This bathrobe was the most important piece of clothing 185 00:10:47,360 --> 00:10:49,320 for me at the nudist beach as a child. 186 00:10:49,520 --> 00:10:51,560 When I came out of the cold water, 187 00:10:51,760 --> 00:10:54,600 I could quickly wrap myself in it. 188 00:11:04,640 --> 00:11:07,800 In the socialist East, politics were omnipresent, 189 00:11:08,120 --> 00:11:10,600 and even nudity became political. 190 00:11:16,920 --> 00:11:18,680 There were two central meanings 191 00:11:18,880 --> 00:11:22,880 of Free Body Culture (FKK) of the GDR. "Naked, we are all equal", 192 00:11:23,600 --> 00:11:25,480 and "Naked, we are all free". 193 00:11:25,680 --> 00:11:28,440 When you took your clothes off, you also got rid of 194 00:11:28,640 --> 00:11:31,600 your uniform, your party badge, 195 00:11:31,800 --> 00:11:34,720 your ranks and your identity card, 196 00:11:34,920 --> 00:11:36,560 and you could temporarily enter 197 00:11:36,760 --> 00:11:37,920 a niche 198 00:11:38,600 --> 00:11:42,120 where you could simply relax with each other as equals. 199 00:11:42,320 --> 00:11:44,760 Perhaps that is precisely what was oppositional 200 00:11:45,800 --> 00:11:49,040 about Free Body Culture in the GDR, that there was 201 00:11:49,240 --> 00:11:53,240 an apolitical niche in a thoroughly politicised state. 202 00:11:54,720 --> 00:11:58,120 Nudism is not an invention of the GDR. 203 00:11:58,320 --> 00:12:01,400 In the 19th century, "life reformers" 204 00:12:01,720 --> 00:12:05,320 aspired to a life in harmony and connection with nature. 205 00:12:05,520 --> 00:12:06,440 Naked. 206 00:12:07,960 --> 00:12:11,920 The life reform movement was also so successful 207 00:12:12,240 --> 00:12:13,920 because it developed 208 00:12:14,120 --> 00:12:16,800 in the late 19th century as a reaction to industrialisation 209 00:12:17,120 --> 00:12:18,720 and urbanisation. 210 00:12:22,120 --> 00:12:26,200 In working-class neighbourhoods, people lived close together. 211 00:12:28,400 --> 00:12:30,720 Symptoms of stress were widespread. 212 00:12:34,400 --> 00:12:35,200 There were 213 00:12:35,520 --> 00:12:38,280 very cramped living conditions, in low-light flats. 214 00:12:38,480 --> 00:12:40,320 And that led to more and more people 215 00:12:40,520 --> 00:12:42,720 feeling the need 216 00:12:43,040 --> 00:12:44,600 to go out into nature. 217 00:13:03,200 --> 00:13:06,760 The roots of nudism lie in natural healing. 218 00:13:06,960 --> 00:13:10,400 Harried city dwellers looking for new ways to top up their batteries. 219 00:13:11,320 --> 00:13:13,800 Whether Sebastian Kneipp's water cures 220 00:13:14,000 --> 00:13:16,840 or public light and air baths - 221 00:13:17,040 --> 00:13:19,240 water, light and air work best 222 00:13:19,440 --> 00:13:21,440 on unclothed skin. 223 00:13:25,200 --> 00:13:27,520 Brothers Gaston and André Durville 224 00:13:27,720 --> 00:13:29,800 also believed in the power of the elements. 225 00:13:30,640 --> 00:13:33,040 At the end of the 1920s, they founded a naturist centre 226 00:13:33,360 --> 00:13:36,240 on an island near Paris. 227 00:13:36,440 --> 00:13:39,000 Complete nudity was not allowed, however. 228 00:13:41,240 --> 00:13:44,560 Dr Durville, he practises what he preaches: 229 00:13:45,160 --> 00:13:48,600 simple living, natural food and plenty of exercise. 230 00:13:51,560 --> 00:13:53,680 We were the first 231 00:13:53,880 --> 00:13:56,120 to create a stadium 232 00:13:56,320 --> 00:13:59,480 of relative nudity in France. 233 00:14:00,760 --> 00:14:04,360 3000 inhabitants of Paris 234 00:14:04,560 --> 00:14:07,600 come every Sunday 235 00:14:07,800 --> 00:14:11,160 to our “cité de nature”. 236 00:14:11,360 --> 00:14:14,680 It was called Physiopolis. 237 00:14:14,880 --> 00:14:17,280 Physiopolis was a "weekend settlement". 238 00:14:17,480 --> 00:14:20,440 It was aimed at Parisians who wanted to escape 239 00:14:20,640 --> 00:14:24,960 the big city on Saturday and Sunday, 240 00:14:25,160 --> 00:14:28,200 forget their polluted working day, escape to a small idyllic island. 241 00:14:28,520 --> 00:14:32,120 The Durville brothers' philosophy gained ever more followers. 242 00:14:32,320 --> 00:14:35,320 Slowly, the naturism movement became socially acceptable 243 00:14:35,640 --> 00:14:36,720 in France. 244 00:14:45,680 --> 00:14:48,280 No permanent accommodation could be built 245 00:14:48,480 --> 00:14:50,400 on the frequently flooded island. 246 00:14:50,720 --> 00:14:53,400 Finally, in 1932, the brothers realised their dream 247 00:14:53,720 --> 00:14:56,640 of a naturist island in the Mediterranean, 248 00:14:56,840 --> 00:15:00,000 on the Ile du Levant. The name: Heliopolis. 249 00:15:00,160 --> 00:15:01,360 LE LEVANT, MEDITERRANEAN SEA 250 00:15:01,680 --> 00:15:05,320 When the Durville brothers discovered it, 251 00:15:05,520 --> 00:15:08,280 the island was in disrepair. It had served as a penal colony. 252 00:15:08,480 --> 00:15:09,680 Ideal conditions, therefore, 253 00:15:09,880 --> 00:15:13,800 for founding a nudist community from nothing. 254 00:15:15,000 --> 00:15:16,400 In the meantime, Heliopolis 255 00:15:16,600 --> 00:15:19,560 has become a popular attraction for naturists globally. 256 00:15:24,000 --> 00:15:27,600 Island resident Thierry Astolfi prefers to keep his distance - 257 00:15:27,800 --> 00:15:31,040 and his personal connection to nature. 258 00:15:31,240 --> 00:15:33,760 When you are naked, 259 00:15:33,960 --> 00:15:37,240 you feel all the more the wind brushing against your skin, 260 00:15:37,440 --> 00:15:38,920 the sun warming you 261 00:15:39,240 --> 00:15:41,440 and the sea cooling you. 262 00:15:43,160 --> 00:15:44,720 These are all elements that trigger 263 00:15:44,920 --> 00:15:49,400 very pleasant sensory perceptions. 264 00:15:49,600 --> 00:15:51,720 It is very, very sensual, 265 00:15:51,920 --> 00:15:54,920 but it also affects the mind. 266 00:15:55,120 --> 00:15:58,920 Because you have the impression of being part of a whole. 267 00:15:59,920 --> 00:16:03,560 To be a small grain in the cosmos 268 00:16:03,760 --> 00:16:06,720 and in harmony with the cosmos. 269 00:16:09,560 --> 00:16:11,120 His understanding of nature 270 00:16:11,320 --> 00:16:14,600 also includes its protection and care. 271 00:16:17,320 --> 00:16:20,720 And this really corresponds to the philosophy 272 00:16:21,040 --> 00:16:24,320 of the Durville brothers. Heliopolis is supposed to be 273 00:16:24,520 --> 00:16:26,680 a simple, rural settlement where visitors 274 00:16:26,880 --> 00:16:28,960 can relax from the stresses and strains 275 00:16:29,160 --> 00:16:34,040 of urban civilisation in the middle of wonderful nature. 276 00:16:35,520 --> 00:16:37,560 In the 30s, wearing a slip, 277 00:16:37,880 --> 00:16:39,600 the "minimum", 278 00:16:39,800 --> 00:16:42,040 was officially compulsory on the island. 279 00:16:42,240 --> 00:16:44,920 Some were not afraid to disobey the rule 280 00:16:45,120 --> 00:16:47,560 and shed their final layers. 281 00:16:54,960 --> 00:16:57,120 People in the former GDR 282 00:16:57,320 --> 00:16:59,880 also knew how to get around the strict bathing rules. 283 00:17:00,080 --> 00:17:01,680 PREROW THE BALTIC SEA 284 00:17:02,840 --> 00:17:05,200 NUDISM IS FORBIDDEN 285 00:17:05,400 --> 00:17:07,520 At the beginning of the 50s, 286 00:17:07,840 --> 00:17:10,320 the first nudist pioneers on Darß were still bathing 287 00:17:10,520 --> 00:17:11,560 in secret. 288 00:17:11,720 --> 00:17:12,680 NUDE BATHING FORBIDDEN 289 00:17:15,840 --> 00:17:19,240 Of course, we had to be careful not to get caught. 290 00:17:20,760 --> 00:17:24,320 And all the people who were here with my parents 291 00:17:24,520 --> 00:17:27,160 always knew in advance 292 00:17:27,360 --> 00:17:29,160 that they were going to be checked, 293 00:17:29,360 --> 00:17:32,320 and they all had a piece of clothing somewhere. 294 00:17:32,520 --> 00:17:35,000 And the moment you saw that both the army 295 00:17:35,200 --> 00:17:36,960 and the police had passed by, 296 00:17:37,680 --> 00:17:41,520 once they were gone, 297 00:17:41,720 --> 00:17:42,920 whatever you'd put on 298 00:17:43,640 --> 00:17:45,960 was taken off again. 299 00:17:49,520 --> 00:17:52,000 In 1956, the state capitulated. 300 00:17:52,320 --> 00:17:54,880 The GDR government lifted the ban 301 00:17:55,080 --> 00:17:56,920 on nudism, and from then on, 302 00:17:57,120 --> 00:17:59,480 nude bathing was allowed - provided it was not organised. 303 00:17:59,800 --> 00:18:01,200 Accordingly, the equipment 304 00:18:01,400 --> 00:18:04,120 at the nudist beaches was rudimentary. 305 00:18:04,440 --> 00:18:07,160 Yes, hygienically it was quite an adventure. 306 00:18:07,480 --> 00:18:11,000 Water was available in the form of pumps. 307 00:18:11,200 --> 00:18:13,760 My father brought two large milk cans from home, 308 00:18:13,960 --> 00:18:17,920 and I was always allowed to fetch water 309 00:18:18,120 --> 00:18:19,280 like a water carrier. 310 00:18:19,480 --> 00:18:20,840 Drinking water 311 00:18:21,040 --> 00:18:23,720 was very important, but it was only used for eating. 312 00:18:23,920 --> 00:18:26,600 Everything else, washing up and such, 313 00:18:26,800 --> 00:18:29,640 or washing yourself, was done in the Baltic Sea. 314 00:18:36,480 --> 00:18:39,080 The Baltic Sea sand is an excellent 315 00:18:39,280 --> 00:18:40,240 scouring agent, 316 00:18:40,440 --> 00:18:42,000 which we used, of course, 317 00:18:42,320 --> 00:18:44,240 and these were mostly aluminium pots 318 00:18:44,560 --> 00:18:46,400 and they also got really clean, 319 00:18:46,600 --> 00:18:48,040 and everything was washed in the Baltic Sea 320 00:18:48,240 --> 00:18:51,160 and no one was bothered by it. 321 00:19:07,560 --> 00:19:08,840 At the latest 322 00:19:09,520 --> 00:19:11,200 in the early 70s, but probably already 323 00:19:11,520 --> 00:19:13,840 in the 60s, naturism culture 324 00:19:14,160 --> 00:19:16,120 grew en masse in the GDR. 325 00:19:16,320 --> 00:19:18,040 One of the reasons for this 326 00:19:18,240 --> 00:19:22,440 was that camping became popular. 327 00:19:22,640 --> 00:19:25,920 And so people could afford to go on holiday 328 00:19:26,120 --> 00:19:28,480 to the Baltic Sea, the only access to the sea 329 00:19:28,680 --> 00:19:31,400 in this country, so to speak. 330 00:19:31,600 --> 00:19:33,680 And they flocked here en masse 331 00:19:33,880 --> 00:19:35,440 and came into contact 332 00:19:35,640 --> 00:19:37,720 with naturism quite quickly. 333 00:19:37,920 --> 00:19:39,440 And that's how it spread. 334 00:19:39,760 --> 00:19:43,400 The nude beach crowds were even the subject of GDR television news. 335 00:19:43,600 --> 00:19:45,800 I think it's already pretty crowded here, 336 00:19:46,720 --> 00:19:49,400 several stretches more could be set up as naturist beaches. 337 00:19:49,720 --> 00:19:51,160 Then it became very difficult 338 00:19:51,360 --> 00:19:53,480 to get tent permits at all. 339 00:19:54,560 --> 00:19:57,120 My parents practically always asked for them 340 00:19:57,440 --> 00:20:00,800 at the central tent permit office in Stralsund. 341 00:20:01,000 --> 00:20:05,400 And there was a system, 342 00:20:05,600 --> 00:20:07,440 which was not always adhered to. 343 00:20:07,640 --> 00:20:11,160 One year Baltic Sea, one year inland at the lakes. 344 00:20:11,480 --> 00:20:12,880 One holiday at home. 345 00:20:13,080 --> 00:20:15,920 Of course, everyone here 346 00:20:16,120 --> 00:20:18,840 tried to change this system. 347 00:20:19,160 --> 00:20:22,040 And then half the tent tickets were sold, 348 00:20:22,240 --> 00:20:24,440 that went through like wildfire here, 349 00:20:24,640 --> 00:20:26,360 when there was a tent permit check. 350 00:20:26,560 --> 00:20:29,040 And that's how we all managed over time. 351 00:20:29,960 --> 00:20:32,960 The "naked movement" can no longer be stopped. 352 00:20:40,440 --> 00:20:43,080 In the 70s, in the GDR, 353 00:20:43,280 --> 00:20:45,960 in the era of Erich Honecker, 354 00:20:46,160 --> 00:20:49,120 the atmosphere became more liberal, 355 00:20:49,320 --> 00:20:52,200 and this was also reflected 356 00:20:53,200 --> 00:20:56,400 in the relationship between the state and naturism. 357 00:20:58,000 --> 00:21:00,320 Nudist culture was no longer just tolerated, 358 00:21:00,520 --> 00:21:02,120 it was downright encouraged. 359 00:21:02,440 --> 00:21:04,600 Why do you actually go on naturist holidays? 360 00:21:04,800 --> 00:21:06,760 I find it so wonderfully informal, 361 00:21:06,960 --> 00:21:09,200 and I also find it healthier than a clothed beach. 362 00:21:09,520 --> 00:21:11,400 Spending time outdoors 363 00:21:11,600 --> 00:21:13,440 without clothing has a beneficial, 364 00:21:13,640 --> 00:21:16,560 stimulating effect on the whole organism 365 00:21:16,760 --> 00:21:19,080 and is highly recommended from a medical point of view 366 00:21:19,280 --> 00:21:20,520 for this reason. 367 00:21:20,840 --> 00:21:22,000 Hello. 368 00:21:23,040 --> 00:21:24,320 Hello. 369 00:21:24,520 --> 00:21:26,840 Congratulations. 370 00:21:27,400 --> 00:21:28,320 Here you go. 371 00:21:28,640 --> 00:21:31,600 You are the millionth visitor 372 00:21:31,800 --> 00:21:34,680 of this season, to the beach. 373 00:21:36,440 --> 00:21:39,040 - And why am I the one? - That's what we found out. 374 00:21:39,360 --> 00:21:41,280 The fact that Hans Joachim Wolle, 375 00:21:41,480 --> 00:21:44,720 a very popular reporter at the time 376 00:21:44,920 --> 00:21:47,280 who hosted the programme Außenseiter Spitzenreiter, 377 00:21:47,480 --> 00:21:50,160 went naked to the beach with his microphone 378 00:21:50,360 --> 00:21:52,600 at the most popular broadcasting time 379 00:21:52,800 --> 00:21:56,280 to interview the nude bathers, 380 00:21:56,600 --> 00:21:59,240 that a representative of German state television 381 00:21:59,440 --> 00:22:01,320 put himself in front of the cameras naked, 382 00:22:01,640 --> 00:22:03,040 that is unique. 383 00:22:07,040 --> 00:22:11,360 Nudism became an officially recognised culture 384 00:22:11,680 --> 00:22:15,680 in the GDR in the 1980s. 385 00:22:24,120 --> 00:22:27,080 Clothing was compulsory on West German beaches, 386 00:22:27,280 --> 00:22:28,920 because in the young Federal Republic, 387 00:22:29,240 --> 00:22:33,120 nudism was unthinkable in visible areas. 388 00:22:33,920 --> 00:22:34,880 The precedent was a law 389 00:22:35,040 --> 00:22:37,640 against the dissemination of material harmful to young people. 390 00:22:40,360 --> 00:22:42,440 In 1953, 391 00:22:42,760 --> 00:22:44,680 the so-called "dirt and trash law" 392 00:22:44,880 --> 00:22:47,520 was passed and came into force. 393 00:22:47,720 --> 00:22:50,280 And that said 394 00:22:50,480 --> 00:22:53,000 that naturism was not allowed to advertise itself. 395 00:22:53,680 --> 00:22:56,880 But clubs and associations were possible. 396 00:22:57,200 --> 00:23:00,160 It's interesting they regulated themselves very strongly, 397 00:23:00,480 --> 00:23:03,160 so to speak, so that the members 398 00:23:03,360 --> 00:23:05,200 appeared as asexual as possible 399 00:23:05,360 --> 00:23:06,720 in order to legitimise themselves 400 00:23:06,920 --> 00:23:09,440 in a society where one could be subject 401 00:23:09,640 --> 00:23:12,560 to that law relatively quickly. 402 00:23:13,120 --> 00:23:16,880 Organised nudism in the Federal Republic of Germany 403 00:23:17,080 --> 00:23:19,080 lost a massive number 404 00:23:19,280 --> 00:23:22,680 of members from the 1970s on. 405 00:23:23,000 --> 00:23:24,680 It was no longer the nudism 406 00:23:25,000 --> 00:23:26,680 in the club 407 00:23:27,000 --> 00:23:28,680 that interested people, 408 00:23:29,000 --> 00:23:30,680 but nude bathing could be done. 409 00:23:35,120 --> 00:23:38,240 Naturists were freeing themselves from their clubs 410 00:23:38,560 --> 00:23:43,040 and conquering beaches, bathing lakes and public parks... 411 00:23:47,480 --> 00:23:50,560 Admittedly, naked bodies no longer cause a scandal. 412 00:23:51,320 --> 00:23:54,760 But the new freedom also has its limits. 413 00:23:57,920 --> 00:24:00,280 A bicycle tour called "topless and bottomless" 414 00:24:00,480 --> 00:24:01,880 ends for some naturists 415 00:24:02,200 --> 00:24:04,560 where others feel disturbed. 416 00:24:08,840 --> 00:24:10,680 In France, naturism 417 00:24:10,880 --> 00:24:12,760 experienced a boom in the 1960s - 418 00:24:12,960 --> 00:24:15,840 in a rather "liberal" interpretation. 419 00:24:16,160 --> 00:24:18,640 And where? The Ile du Levant. 420 00:24:25,400 --> 00:24:26,920 Catherine Boulard Thouvignon 421 00:24:27,120 --> 00:24:29,520 has lived on the island since the 1950s. 422 00:24:30,480 --> 00:24:33,400 She only recently found the love of her life here. 423 00:24:33,720 --> 00:24:36,000 Guy met her during a photo session. 424 00:24:38,120 --> 00:24:41,720 I think it's the fourth photo of the series 425 00:24:41,920 --> 00:24:43,240 that I've taken. 426 00:24:43,560 --> 00:24:44,880 She has been going out a lot. 427 00:24:45,080 --> 00:24:47,560 So I suggested 428 00:24:47,760 --> 00:24:50,200 one of those possible scenarios 429 00:24:50,400 --> 00:24:53,040 of her getting ready to go out. 430 00:24:53,240 --> 00:24:56,560 That led to us getting married. 431 00:24:56,760 --> 00:24:58,160 Which... 432 00:24:58,360 --> 00:25:00,800 When he finished shooting, 433 00:25:01,000 --> 00:25:03,400 I was so amazed that everything was so uncomplicated, 434 00:25:03,600 --> 00:25:07,800 so natural, so easy, 435 00:25:08,000 --> 00:25:10,920 that I walked up to him and kissed him, just like that. 436 00:25:11,120 --> 00:25:12,320 Here on the island, 437 00:25:12,520 --> 00:25:15,240 among the inhabitants, people often kiss on the mouth. 438 00:25:20,560 --> 00:25:23,120 I have been lucky to live here. 439 00:25:23,320 --> 00:25:24,360 Great, great luck. 440 00:25:25,360 --> 00:25:28,920 To go to school here, 441 00:25:29,240 --> 00:25:32,600 to live here with the children, to have this freedom 442 00:25:32,800 --> 00:25:35,280 that no longer exists today, but which existed then, 443 00:25:35,880 --> 00:25:37,400 a childhood of freedom. 444 00:25:37,600 --> 00:25:38,920 You could do what you wanted. 445 00:25:40,280 --> 00:25:43,280 Catherine comes from a Parisian family of artists. 446 00:25:43,480 --> 00:25:46,880 As a young girl, she came to Heliopolis with her mother. 447 00:25:47,080 --> 00:25:49,840 At the time, her mother ran a pub on the island. 448 00:25:56,440 --> 00:25:57,880 Today, friends live here. 449 00:26:01,800 --> 00:26:03,640 - Hi! - Hi, Cathie! 450 00:26:04,360 --> 00:26:06,120 - How are you? - All good? 451 00:26:06,320 --> 00:26:08,440 - All's well. - All is good, yes. 452 00:26:09,720 --> 00:26:11,440 As a teenager, Catherine experienced 453 00:26:11,640 --> 00:26:14,200 the "swinging" sixties here. 454 00:26:14,520 --> 00:26:17,560 1968 was an incredible year for me 455 00:26:17,880 --> 00:26:19,680 because we had a summer 456 00:26:20,400 --> 00:26:21,760 that was absolutely fantastic. 457 00:26:22,080 --> 00:26:25,760 People were just so liberated. Just so happy. 458 00:26:28,240 --> 00:26:31,360 There were three nightclubs here, 459 00:26:32,400 --> 00:26:34,720 but that was quite harmless. 460 00:26:35,040 --> 00:26:38,640 Life on the island is a bit like a holiday camp. 461 00:26:38,840 --> 00:26:42,000 We are all a bit like a permanent holiday camp here. 462 00:26:44,400 --> 00:26:46,400 What is true naturism? 463 00:26:46,600 --> 00:26:47,960 A question of faith. 464 00:26:49,080 --> 00:26:52,040 Heliopolis in the 60s and 70s 465 00:26:52,360 --> 00:26:54,960 represents the contradictions 466 00:26:55,160 --> 00:26:57,080 that naturism was going through at that time. 467 00:26:57,400 --> 00:27:00,400 You can still find the spirit of the pioneers 468 00:27:00,600 --> 00:27:02,840 with their reformist ideals here, 469 00:27:03,040 --> 00:27:05,000 but a much freer variant 470 00:27:05,200 --> 00:27:10,040 of naturism also emerged here. 471 00:27:11,400 --> 00:27:13,800 This was made clear by the cannibal festivals, 472 00:27:14,000 --> 00:27:17,000 where one merely wore body paint 473 00:27:17,760 --> 00:27:19,960 instead of clothing. 474 00:27:20,160 --> 00:27:22,680 Here we have a much more 475 00:27:22,880 --> 00:27:26,960 permissive, playful interpretation 476 00:27:27,960 --> 00:27:31,040 that is clearly at odds with naturist ideals. 477 00:27:31,800 --> 00:27:34,360 Is naturism allowed to be sexual? 478 00:27:34,880 --> 00:27:38,520 The naked celebrations divided opinions on the island. 479 00:27:38,720 --> 00:27:39,840 Over time, 480 00:27:40,040 --> 00:27:42,160 in the 70s, what happened in Heliopolis 481 00:27:42,840 --> 00:27:45,000 came to an end. Eventually, 482 00:27:45,200 --> 00:27:46,520 these groups, attracted more 483 00:27:46,720 --> 00:27:48,920 by a very free, 484 00:27:49,120 --> 00:27:51,840 even libertarian nudity practice, 485 00:27:52,040 --> 00:27:54,360 left Heliopolis and went to Cap d'Agde. 486 00:27:54,680 --> 00:27:57,080 Cap d'Agde was fast becoming synonymous 487 00:27:57,400 --> 00:27:59,480 with a naturism 488 00:27:59,800 --> 00:28:02,080 that had nothing to do with the pure form of naturism. 489 00:28:03,160 --> 00:28:04,480 Is everything allowed? 490 00:28:04,680 --> 00:28:06,720 Oh yes. Not during the day, but in the evening... 491 00:28:07,880 --> 00:28:10,400 There's a lot going on here. 492 00:28:15,640 --> 00:28:18,200 This image still sticks to Cap d'Agde today 493 00:28:18,400 --> 00:28:21,520 because this kind of practice still exists there, 494 00:28:21,720 --> 00:28:23,920 with reports hyping it up. 495 00:28:24,240 --> 00:28:25,520 But this is only one facet 496 00:28:25,720 --> 00:28:28,480 and a very small facet of a minority, 497 00:28:28,680 --> 00:28:31,000 but it does indeed reflect the very different way 498 00:28:31,200 --> 00:28:34,000 in which nudity is seen and practised 499 00:28:34,200 --> 00:28:36,440 by some in places where it is allowed. 500 00:28:38,760 --> 00:28:40,840 Naturist clubs have been fighting 501 00:28:41,160 --> 00:28:42,760 against this image for decades. 502 00:28:43,280 --> 00:28:45,480 The club AKK Birkenheide near Berlin 503 00:28:46,160 --> 00:28:48,880 sees itself primarily as a family and sports club. 504 00:28:49,200 --> 00:28:51,720 Single men can have a hard time becoming members. 505 00:28:53,760 --> 00:28:55,960 Of course, in very rare cases, 506 00:28:56,280 --> 00:28:58,160 there is the occasional single man 507 00:28:58,360 --> 00:29:00,320 who thinks he'll be able to see 508 00:29:00,520 --> 00:29:02,080 beautiful things here. 509 00:29:02,840 --> 00:29:04,640 And we as an association counteract this. 510 00:29:04,960 --> 00:29:07,080 Nothing is as unerotic 511 00:29:07,280 --> 00:29:09,480 as a nudist community! 512 00:29:09,680 --> 00:29:12,840 But the thoughts that are brought in 513 00:29:13,040 --> 00:29:15,320 from outside are the dirty thoughts. 514 00:29:39,600 --> 00:29:41,360 My name is Michael Adamski. 515 00:29:41,560 --> 00:29:43,560 I'm in my early 60s 516 00:29:43,760 --> 00:29:45,320 and live in Berlin. 517 00:29:45,520 --> 00:29:47,880 I only came into contact with naturism later in life. 518 00:29:48,080 --> 00:29:50,120 I only got to know a nudist area 519 00:29:50,320 --> 00:29:52,200 like this through my wife. 520 00:29:52,400 --> 00:29:54,320 I came here as a young man 521 00:29:54,520 --> 00:29:56,120 of about 20, 522 00:29:56,320 --> 00:29:59,800 went to my parents-in-law's hut, and my parents-in-law 523 00:29:59,960 --> 00:30:01,200 took off their clothes there. 524 00:30:01,520 --> 00:30:03,440 I didn't want to see my mother-in-law naked, 525 00:30:03,640 --> 00:30:06,400 so that was also a hurdle for me. 526 00:30:06,600 --> 00:30:08,760 It was only over time that I realised 527 00:30:08,920 --> 00:30:10,280 it's actually pretty great. 528 00:30:19,200 --> 00:30:19,920 Right then! 529 00:30:20,120 --> 00:30:22,920 We live a tolerant kind of naturism here, 530 00:30:23,120 --> 00:30:25,240 so you can wear something for sport. 531 00:30:25,560 --> 00:30:29,080 But one dogma remains: skinny-dipping. 532 00:30:29,280 --> 00:30:31,120 And young and old alike abide by this rule. 533 00:30:31,440 --> 00:30:33,040 Without exception. 534 00:30:33,240 --> 00:30:36,560 Naked, you see yourself differently, and all reservations 535 00:30:36,880 --> 00:30:40,040 about the other person fall away. 536 00:30:45,800 --> 00:30:47,880 There is a huge togetherness here, 537 00:30:48,200 --> 00:30:49,840 and that's why there is 538 00:30:50,040 --> 00:30:52,320 such a good atmosphere here, a positive mood. 539 00:30:55,960 --> 00:30:58,760 Final score 3:1 to the yellow team. 540 00:31:03,600 --> 00:31:05,120 Our association looks back 541 00:31:05,440 --> 00:31:07,000 on a 100-year history. 542 00:31:07,760 --> 00:31:10,720 Nudist life was already founded here 543 00:31:11,040 --> 00:31:13,360 in the 1920s, 544 00:31:13,560 --> 00:31:14,640 and at that time, 545 00:31:14,960 --> 00:31:16,520 everything was more militant. 546 00:31:20,880 --> 00:31:22,520 In Birkenheide, 547 00:31:22,840 --> 00:31:24,800 all kinds of sports were practised, 548 00:31:25,000 --> 00:31:26,480 but also nude gymnastics. 549 00:31:27,320 --> 00:31:29,240 The aim of this gymnastics 550 00:31:29,440 --> 00:31:32,760 was the health of the body as well as 551 00:31:32,960 --> 00:31:34,200 its aesthetic perfection. 552 00:31:35,320 --> 00:31:37,360 I find it particularly interesting 553 00:31:37,560 --> 00:31:39,840 that the naturist movement was certainly 554 00:31:40,040 --> 00:31:43,120 one of the social movements that established 555 00:31:43,320 --> 00:31:47,080 the ideal of slimness in the 1920s 556 00:31:47,280 --> 00:31:49,280 and also helped to enforce it. 557 00:31:49,880 --> 00:31:52,440 The ideals of naturism had an influence 558 00:31:52,640 --> 00:31:55,480 on the body image of an entire society. 559 00:31:57,960 --> 00:31:59,600 Slenderness now stood 560 00:31:59,800 --> 00:32:01,280 for self-discipline, 561 00:32:01,480 --> 00:32:03,560 working on one's own body. 562 00:32:03,760 --> 00:32:05,480 So social distinction 563 00:32:05,680 --> 00:32:09,240 was no longer shown with body fat or expensive clothes, 564 00:32:09,440 --> 00:32:12,160 but with a trained, beautiful body. 565 00:32:15,560 --> 00:32:16,680 One hundred years later, 566 00:32:17,000 --> 00:32:19,680 sport and exercise are still omnipresent 567 00:32:19,880 --> 00:32:21,360 in the Birkenheide club. 568 00:32:23,120 --> 00:32:25,400 In the meantime, accepting of all. 569 00:32:29,560 --> 00:32:31,320 So this ideal of beauty is, 570 00:32:31,520 --> 00:32:33,400 I think, not so present here. 571 00:32:33,600 --> 00:32:35,680 It doesn't matter if you're a muscle-bound athlete 572 00:32:35,880 --> 00:32:37,960 or something like that. 573 00:32:38,280 --> 00:32:39,640 That kind of thing 574 00:32:39,840 --> 00:32:41,720 is unimportant here. 575 00:32:41,920 --> 00:32:42,960 Ahoy! 576 00:32:44,080 --> 00:32:45,480 Nudity in Germany 577 00:32:45,680 --> 00:32:48,040 was not always so undogmatic and free. 578 00:32:53,760 --> 00:32:55,920 The National Socialists had 579 00:32:56,240 --> 00:32:58,400 a contradictory attitude towards naturism. 580 00:32:59,080 --> 00:33:01,400 At first, they forbade nude bathing. 581 00:33:02,120 --> 00:33:04,560 Later they misused the new ideal of beauty 582 00:33:04,880 --> 00:33:06,120 of the physically toned, 583 00:33:06,320 --> 00:33:08,640 healthy person for their own purposes. 584 00:33:09,720 --> 00:33:11,400 In doing so, they leant on 585 00:33:11,720 --> 00:33:15,480 the racial hygiene arguments of some early naturist pioneers. 586 00:33:18,040 --> 00:33:19,520 Richard Ungewitter was an advocate 587 00:33:19,720 --> 00:33:22,520 of the so-called naked choice of husband, 588 00:33:22,720 --> 00:33:24,360 which he regarded 589 00:33:24,560 --> 00:33:27,480 as a very important means for his human breeding fantasies. 590 00:33:27,680 --> 00:33:29,520 Naked husband selection meant 591 00:33:29,720 --> 00:33:33,200 that a husband and wife should get to know each other naked 592 00:33:33,400 --> 00:33:36,480 before marriage in order to be able to recognise possible deformities, 593 00:33:36,680 --> 00:33:38,640 medical problems 594 00:33:38,840 --> 00:33:41,480 and aesthetic problems 595 00:33:41,680 --> 00:33:44,040 in each other at an early stage. 596 00:33:44,240 --> 00:33:47,320 The point was not to buy a pig in a poke, 597 00:33:47,520 --> 00:33:50,240 to bring about "Aufartung", or "racial refinement". 598 00:33:50,440 --> 00:33:53,000 At the same time, Richard Ungewitter's naked choice 599 00:33:53,200 --> 00:33:54,960 of a husband is also clearly anti-Semitic. 600 00:33:55,280 --> 00:33:56,760 He was also concerned with 601 00:33:56,960 --> 00:33:59,480 being able to recognise circumcised Jews. 602 00:33:59,800 --> 00:34:03,680 In the 1930s, the famous naturist pioneer Hans Surén 603 00:34:03,880 --> 00:34:06,680 also enjoyed great popularity among National Socialists. 604 00:34:06,880 --> 00:34:08,600 His publications helped the Nazis 605 00:34:08,800 --> 00:34:11,120 to identify the Aryan man. 606 00:34:11,320 --> 00:34:15,080 Sport made the National Socialist body cult famous across the world. 607 00:34:15,880 --> 00:34:19,040 In 1936, the Olympic Games were held in Berlin. 608 00:34:19,240 --> 00:34:20,960 Germany took first place. 609 00:34:21,160 --> 00:34:23,360 France was far behind. 610 00:34:23,560 --> 00:34:24,880 And this situation indeed fed 611 00:34:25,080 --> 00:34:26,680 a fascination among naturists 612 00:34:26,880 --> 00:34:29,240 for what was happening in Germany. 613 00:34:29,560 --> 00:34:31,640 One thinks especially of Leni Riefenstahl 614 00:34:31,800 --> 00:34:32,840 and her film Olympia, 615 00:34:33,160 --> 00:34:35,160 in which the "New Man" is presented. 616 00:34:41,520 --> 00:34:42,960 Only a minority 617 00:34:43,280 --> 00:34:45,400 of organised naturists identified 618 00:34:45,600 --> 00:34:47,800 with these ideas. 619 00:34:49,440 --> 00:34:52,680 The vast majority of the advocates of the naked life 620 00:34:52,880 --> 00:34:55,640 were close to the proletarian naturist movement. 621 00:34:57,000 --> 00:35:00,240 At its head was a teacher from Berlin's Kreuzberg area. 622 00:35:02,680 --> 00:35:05,000 Adolf Koch was certainly one of the best-known 623 00:35:05,200 --> 00:35:06,960 representatives of the socialist 624 00:35:07,160 --> 00:35:08,800 naturist movement. 625 00:35:09,120 --> 00:35:10,520 He was concerned with 626 00:35:10,720 --> 00:35:13,880 filling the working class with a new pride 627 00:35:14,080 --> 00:35:14,720 in the body 628 00:35:15,040 --> 00:35:17,000 and making the body fit 629 00:35:17,320 --> 00:35:18,440 for the class struggle. 630 00:35:19,120 --> 00:35:20,600 In 1930, 631 00:35:20,800 --> 00:35:23,920 80,000 naturists in Germany 632 00:35:24,240 --> 00:35:25,320 belonged to clubs. 633 00:35:25,520 --> 00:35:28,600 Around three quarters belonged to the socialist camp. 634 00:35:32,120 --> 00:35:34,880 In his physical culture schools, Adolf Koch set up 635 00:35:35,080 --> 00:35:37,800 communal showers and high-altitude sunbeds. 636 00:35:38,000 --> 00:35:40,280 The curriculum included gymnastics 637 00:35:40,480 --> 00:35:42,120 and sexual education. 638 00:35:44,000 --> 00:35:46,920 Adolf Koch believed that getting used to the naked body 639 00:35:47,240 --> 00:35:50,000 of the opposite sex would help 640 00:35:50,200 --> 00:35:52,080 to normalise sexuality, 641 00:35:52,280 --> 00:35:55,320 so to speak, 642 00:35:55,520 --> 00:35:57,720 and that there would no longer be 643 00:35:57,920 --> 00:35:59,400 so much secrecy and the like. 644 00:36:00,680 --> 00:36:03,120 The whole nervous system is stimulated, 645 00:36:03,320 --> 00:36:05,480 and in gymnastics we then tap vigorously, 646 00:36:05,680 --> 00:36:07,840 always a little more, always vigorously, 647 00:36:08,160 --> 00:36:09,760 until the skin turns red. 648 00:36:09,960 --> 00:36:12,840 Up and down the whole spine. Now with this. 649 00:36:13,040 --> 00:36:15,160 We have so many tense people 650 00:36:15,360 --> 00:36:17,320 that it is very difficult 651 00:36:17,520 --> 00:36:20,880 to achieve relaxation and release. 652 00:36:21,200 --> 00:36:22,400 Adolf Koch had a much 653 00:36:22,600 --> 00:36:24,360 more inclusive idea of naturism, 654 00:36:24,560 --> 00:36:26,440 not only in practice but also in theory. 655 00:36:26,640 --> 00:36:28,920 He also had a much more inclusive 656 00:36:29,120 --> 00:36:31,000 relationship to homosexuality 657 00:36:31,320 --> 00:36:33,400 and, if you will, 658 00:36:33,600 --> 00:36:36,800 towards deviant 659 00:36:37,000 --> 00:36:40,560 body shapes 660 00:36:40,760 --> 00:36:44,080 or sexual orientations. 661 00:36:45,000 --> 00:36:46,200 The Adolf Koch Association 662 00:36:46,520 --> 00:36:48,600 continues this liberal tradition to this day. 663 00:36:50,360 --> 00:36:52,000 In naked yoga, women 664 00:36:52,320 --> 00:36:54,720 and men naturally train together. 665 00:36:56,800 --> 00:36:58,160 I'm Anne, 23, 666 00:36:58,360 --> 00:37:01,160 and I study social work in Potsdam. 667 00:37:01,960 --> 00:37:05,640 My first time being naked in a yoga class 668 00:37:05,840 --> 00:37:08,920 was actually a bit like I imagined it. 669 00:37:09,120 --> 00:37:10,880 I was in a room 670 00:37:11,080 --> 00:37:13,920 with three older white men 671 00:37:14,800 --> 00:37:17,080 and had to laugh at that a bit. 672 00:37:17,280 --> 00:37:18,320 Of course I was nervous. 673 00:37:19,680 --> 00:37:21,960 But it went away relatively quickly 674 00:37:22,160 --> 00:37:24,280 because the people I met there 675 00:37:24,480 --> 00:37:26,040 were very likeable, 676 00:37:26,240 --> 00:37:27,720 and we met 677 00:37:27,920 --> 00:37:30,000 because we wanted to do yoga together. 678 00:37:31,480 --> 00:37:34,760 For a long time, clubs complained about a lack of young people. 679 00:37:35,400 --> 00:37:37,560 The "body positivity" trend, however, 680 00:37:37,760 --> 00:37:39,080 makes naturism attractive 681 00:37:39,400 --> 00:37:41,560 to younger people as well. 682 00:37:47,680 --> 00:37:49,600 As far as diversity is concerned, 683 00:37:49,800 --> 00:37:52,720 for example, in the association, I think we are very well positioned, 684 00:37:53,040 --> 00:37:56,280 but you can already see or observe 685 00:37:56,480 --> 00:37:58,160 a certain tendency 686 00:37:58,360 --> 00:38:01,240 that many somewhat older men are active in the association 687 00:38:01,440 --> 00:38:02,800 rather than younger women. 688 00:38:04,440 --> 00:38:06,280 The Adolf Koch Association offers various 689 00:38:06,480 --> 00:38:09,400 nude sports for all genders - 690 00:38:09,600 --> 00:38:11,200 and actively seeks 691 00:38:11,400 --> 00:38:13,680 a diverse membership. 692 00:38:14,640 --> 00:38:16,680 Nevertheless, less than 20% of them 693 00:38:16,880 --> 00:38:18,560 are female. 694 00:38:26,320 --> 00:38:28,440 I do know that almost all naturist clubs 695 00:38:28,640 --> 00:38:32,520 and almost all naturist events are skewed towards having more men. 696 00:38:32,720 --> 00:38:36,320 {\an8}I do think that women face higher penalties for doing the same thing. 697 00:38:36,520 --> 00:38:38,280 {\an8}So, if a man takes off all his clothes, 698 00:38:38,480 --> 00:38:40,840 {\an8}or if there are naked pictures of a man in public... 699 00:38:41,040 --> 00:38:43,320 {\an8}there are smaller reactions. He's unlikely 700 00:38:43,640 --> 00:38:45,800 to be harassed. He's unlikely to have threats 701 00:38:46,000 --> 00:38:47,680 set against him. He's unlikely 702 00:38:47,880 --> 00:38:51,080 to have people suggest that they can sexually abuse or violate him. 703 00:38:51,280 --> 00:38:53,200 If a woman has that, there's much more shame. 704 00:38:53,520 --> 00:38:55,360 I think until as a society, 705 00:38:55,560 --> 00:38:57,240 we stop making the penalties for women 706 00:38:57,440 --> 00:38:59,400 quite so high, 707 00:38:59,600 --> 00:39:02,440 we are always going to see a disparity in how many men do it 708 00:39:02,640 --> 00:39:04,160 compared to how many women do it. 709 00:39:04,480 --> 00:39:06,240 At birth, we're all naked. 710 00:39:06,400 --> 00:39:07,720 After that, it gets complicated. 711 00:39:07,880 --> 00:39:09,200 In my childhood, 712 00:39:09,960 --> 00:39:11,520 the topic of nudity 713 00:39:11,720 --> 00:39:13,480 was never a big issue. 714 00:39:13,680 --> 00:39:16,400 It was always something quite natural that existed with us. 715 00:39:16,600 --> 00:39:20,000 So we never hid from each other. 716 00:39:20,200 --> 00:39:23,560 But I also have to say that when I was young, 717 00:39:24,120 --> 00:39:26,360 I didn't really want to go to the nude beach 718 00:39:26,560 --> 00:39:28,640 with my mother and her boyfriend. 719 00:39:29,320 --> 00:39:31,400 I think a lot changes 720 00:39:31,720 --> 00:39:32,960 during puberty. 721 00:39:33,160 --> 00:39:34,520 The body changes, of course. 722 00:39:34,720 --> 00:39:36,280 The hormones kind of go crazy 723 00:39:36,480 --> 00:39:38,840 or go up and down all the time. 724 00:39:39,040 --> 00:39:41,160 Of course you also want 725 00:39:41,360 --> 00:39:44,400 to impress certain people. 726 00:39:44,720 --> 00:39:46,080 I think it's also 727 00:39:46,280 --> 00:39:48,920 an interesting time to discover your own body, 728 00:39:49,240 --> 00:39:52,240 but also a time when you're very, very vain and critical of yourself. 729 00:39:53,400 --> 00:39:54,160 Naturism helps 730 00:39:54,480 --> 00:39:57,200 to correct the perfect body ideal 731 00:39:57,520 --> 00:39:59,240 from advertising and social media. 732 00:40:01,240 --> 00:40:03,320 I definitely think that naturism 733 00:40:03,520 --> 00:40:06,000 can contribute a lot to developing a healthier way 734 00:40:06,200 --> 00:40:09,480 of dealing with your own body and accepting it 735 00:40:09,680 --> 00:40:11,960 and showing more diversity. 736 00:40:12,160 --> 00:40:15,080 That is what naturism can do best of all. 737 00:40:21,880 --> 00:40:24,720 PREROW THE BALTIC SEA 738 00:40:25,040 --> 00:40:27,280 Even on the nude beach on the Darß, 739 00:40:27,480 --> 00:40:28,640 people treat their bodies - 740 00:40:28,840 --> 00:40:32,240 and their supposed problem zones - with open-mindedness. 741 00:40:39,320 --> 00:40:40,640 Christoph Jahn has tried 742 00:40:40,840 --> 00:40:42,600 to pass on this relaxed relationship 743 00:40:42,920 --> 00:40:44,960 to nudity to his children. 744 00:40:47,120 --> 00:40:49,400 We never said: now you have 745 00:40:49,720 --> 00:40:51,680 to go into the water naked. 746 00:40:51,880 --> 00:40:53,520 Either they did it on their own 747 00:40:53,720 --> 00:40:56,160 or they said they wanted to put something on. 748 00:40:56,360 --> 00:40:58,040 We gave them this freedom. 749 00:40:58,240 --> 00:41:00,920 Young people running around here naked 750 00:41:01,120 --> 00:41:03,440 have actually become very, very rare. 751 00:41:03,640 --> 00:41:05,960 When we play volleyball, naked is no longer appropriate, 752 00:41:06,120 --> 00:41:08,440 for me, at least now, because that's... 753 00:41:08,640 --> 00:41:12,320 I don't like it. 754 00:41:13,000 --> 00:41:14,760 Then you just go down to the water 755 00:41:14,960 --> 00:41:17,520 with your clothes on, undress there, 756 00:41:17,720 --> 00:41:19,440 then you're naked and go into the water. 757 00:41:20,400 --> 00:41:22,840 After the fall of the wall, nudism for the younger ones 758 00:41:23,040 --> 00:41:24,560 only meant swimming naked. 759 00:41:26,760 --> 00:41:29,280 After reunification, 760 00:41:29,480 --> 00:41:32,800 nudism was pushed back to the edges of the beaches, 761 00:41:33,000 --> 00:41:35,560 sometimes to the dog beach 762 00:41:35,760 --> 00:41:36,960 or more out of the way 763 00:41:37,160 --> 00:41:39,600 or in the same area as the dog beaches. 764 00:41:40,280 --> 00:41:41,560 They now tried 765 00:41:42,600 --> 00:41:46,240 to make the Baltic Sea attractive to other guests, 766 00:41:46,440 --> 00:41:49,120 and they found nude bathing 767 00:41:49,320 --> 00:41:51,400 at the public baths outrageous. 768 00:41:51,600 --> 00:41:53,280 At the same time, 769 00:41:53,480 --> 00:41:55,440 nudist campsites were bought up 770 00:41:55,640 --> 00:41:57,200 by West German investors 771 00:41:57,520 --> 00:42:00,360 and nudism was pushed back again. 772 00:42:04,480 --> 00:42:05,680 The Jahn family 773 00:42:05,880 --> 00:42:07,880 remains true to naturism. 774 00:42:09,160 --> 00:42:12,840 The other day, I looked down from a dune onto the beach 775 00:42:13,040 --> 00:42:14,960 and had the feeling 776 00:42:15,160 --> 00:42:16,800 I was on the wrong beach. 777 00:42:17,000 --> 00:42:19,560 It is more mixed now, over the whole beach 778 00:42:19,760 --> 00:42:22,320 from the campsite. 779 00:42:22,520 --> 00:42:24,400 Take that ball, it's better. 780 00:42:25,440 --> 00:42:26,360 Here! 781 00:42:27,960 --> 00:42:29,360 Volleyball in Prerow. 782 00:42:29,560 --> 00:42:32,680 In GDR times, the Mecca of the naturist movement - 783 00:42:32,880 --> 00:42:34,640 today in swimwear. 784 00:42:35,920 --> 00:42:38,120 I don't have a problem with that. 785 00:42:38,320 --> 00:42:41,280 I would have a problem if the "textile people" said, 786 00:42:41,600 --> 00:42:42,720 "Put some clothes on!" 787 00:42:42,920 --> 00:42:44,880 Then I would say something. 788 00:42:51,320 --> 00:42:52,640 Prerow means 789 00:42:52,840 --> 00:42:56,560 home to me, of course, no question about it. 790 00:42:56,760 --> 00:42:59,480 Every time I leave here, 791 00:42:59,680 --> 00:43:02,920 I'm sad I have to leave. 792 00:43:04,000 --> 00:43:10,000 And I will try to come here for the rest of my life 793 00:43:11,080 --> 00:43:14,040 because this is my flesh and blood. 794 00:43:45,320 --> 00:43:47,800 Subtitles by Alison Watt 795 00:43:48,305 --> 00:44:48,464 Watch Online Movies and Series for FREE www.osdb.link/lm